Genome-wide identification and characterization of the soybean SOD family during alkaline stress

Abstract

Background Superoxide dismutase (SOD) proteins, as one kind of the antioxidant enzymes, play critical roles in plant response to various environment stresses. Even though its functions in the oxidative stress were very well characterized, the roles of SOD family genes in regulating alkaline stress response are not fully reported. Methods We identified the potential family members by using Hidden Markov model and soybean genome database. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and exon-intron structures were generated by using software MEGA 5.0 and GSDS online server, respectively. Furthermore, the conserved motifs were analyzed by MEME online server. The syntenic analysis was conducted using Circos-0.69. Additionally, the expression levels of soybean SOD genes under alkaline stress were identified by qRT-PCR. Results In this study, we identified 13 potential SOD genes in soybean genome. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that SOD genes could be classified into three subfamilies, including MnSODs (GmMSD1–2), FeSODs (GmFSD1–5) and Cu/ZnSODs (GmCSD1–6). We further investigated the gene structure, chromosomal locations and gene-duplication, conserved domains and promoter cis-elements of the soybean SOD genes. We also explored the expression profiles of soybean SOD genes in different tissues and alkaline, salt and cold stresses, based on the transcriptome data. In addition, we detected their expression patterns in roots and leaves by qRT-PCR under alkaline stress, and found that different SOD subfamily genes may play different roles in response to alkaline stress. These results also confirmed the hypothesis that the great evolutionary divergence may contribute to the potential functional diversity in soybean SOD genes. Taken together, we established a foundation for further functional characterization of soybean SOD genes in response to alkaline stress in the future.

The Stay-green Mutation Contributes to Enhanced Antioxidative Competence and Delays Leaf Senescence in Soybean Hybrid Z1

“…Although in JD74 we observed a suppression of Chl Cu/Zn-SOD expression after 28 DAF, there was no similar suppression in Z1, which may have been attributable to the retention of chlorophyll in the latter variety. Furthermore, we observed that among the different SOD isogenes, Fe-SODs were expressed at the lowest levels in the leaves of both varieties, which is consistent with the findings of Lu et al (2020). Thus, these observations tend to indicate that the stay-green mutation in Z1 contributes to the stability of total SOD activity owing to the higher expression of Mn-SOD, Chl Cu/Zn-SOD, and cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD.…”

“…Li (2014) reported that repression of the Mn-SOD gene is one of the primary factors underlying a reduction in total SOD activity in rice. Cu/Zn-SOD also plays an important antioxidant protective role during leaf senescence, and analysis of the cis-acting elements of SOD promoters has shown that only Cu/Zn-SOD subfamily genes contain defence and stress-responsive elements and that most Cu/Zn-SOD subfamily genes have higher expression levels in the leaves (Lu et al 2020). In the present study, we found that both cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD and peroxisome Cu/Zn-SOD were up-regulated at 21 DAF, apparently to compensate for the influence of SOD activity caused by a decline in Mn-SOD expression, particularly the cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD, which showed manifold up-regulated expression.…”

5-Aminolevulinic acid could enhance the salinity tolerance by alleviating oxidative damages in Salvia miltiorrhiza

“…For instance, SOD enzyme, as a key enzyme in plant antioxidant system, it converts highly reactive OHradical and superoxide (O .-) to less toxic H 2 O 2 . Lu et al (2020) found that soybean SOD gene may play a positive role in response to alkaline stress. Han et al (2020) suggested that SmSODs had different responses to cold, salt, drought, heavy metals and plant hormones in S. miltiorrhiza.…”

The Drought-Mediated Soybean GmNAC085 Functions as a Positive Regulator of Plant Response to Salinity

“…With APX, this is a group of enzymes that belongs to the POD superfamily and plays a central role in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle that has evolved in plants to scavenge H 2 O 2 from plant chloroplasts and cytosol [64]. Regarding SOD genes, they can be divided into four subfamilies, among which three (MnSOD, FeSOD and Cu/ZnSOD) are widely found in plants and one (NiSOD) is present in streptomyces [65,66]. Frequently, members of different SOD subfamilies are localized to different cellular compartments, including mitochondria (MnSOD), peroxisomes (MnSOD and Cu/ZnSOD), chloroplasts and cytosol (FeSOD, Cu/ZnSOD) [67].…”