Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the GRF Gene Family in Melastoma dodecandrum

Abstract

Growth-regulating factor (GRF) is a kind of transcription factor unique to plants, playing an important role in the flowering regulation, growth, and development of plants. Melastoma dodecandrum is an important member of Melastomataceae, with ornamental, medicinal, and edible benefits. The identification of the GRF gene family in M. dodecandrum can help to improve their character of flavor and continuous flowering. The members of the GRF gene family were identified from the M. dodecandrum genome, and their bioinformatics, selective pressure, and expression patterns were analyzed. The results showed that there were 20 GRF genes in M. dodecandrum. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 71 GRF genes from M. dodecandrum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Camellia sinensis, and Oryza sativa can be divided into three clades and six subclades. The 20 GRF genes of M. dodecandrum were distributed in twelve chromosomes and one contig. Furthermore, the gene structure and motif analysis showed that the intron and motif within each clade were very similar, but there were great differences among different clades. The promoter contained cis-acting elements related to hormone induction, stress, and growth and development. Different transcriptomic expression of MdGRFs indicated that MdGRFs may be involved in regulating the growth and development of M. dodecandrum. The results laid a foundation for further study on the function and molecular mechanism of the M. dodecandrum GRF gene family.

Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the GRF transcription factor family in Astragalus mongholicus

“…GA3 treatment enhanced the expression of OsGRF in rice (Choi et al, 2004). In addition, studies have shown that ABA, MeJA, and GA3 treatments cause signi cant differences in the expression levels of CsGRF genes in most Melastoma dodecandrum (Huang et al, 2023). We found a regulatory element for avonoid biosynthesis genes in AmGRF3, and overexpression of the AmGRF3 gene leads to avonoid accumulation.…”

Identification of WRKY Family Members and Characterization of the Low-Temperature-Stress-Responsive WRKY Genes in Luffa (Luffa cylindrica L.)

“…In contrast, LcWRKY47 had no introns. The identified LcWRKY genes also differed in terms of size, ranging from 879 bp ( LcWRKY29 in group III) to 8348 bp ( LcWRKY10 in group I) [ 45 ] ( Supplementary Files S1 and S5 ). The LcWRKY gene sizes in group I ranged from 1578 bp ( LcWRKY43 ) to 8348 bp ( LcWRKY10 ).…”

Identification, Molecular Characteristics, and Evolution of YABBY Gene Family in Melastoma dodecandrum

“…The YABBY protein sequences of A. thaliana , P. granatum , J. curcas , and E. grandis were used as a reference, the local Blast search was performed by TBtools [ 31 ], and the candidate genes of YABBY gene family in M. dodecandrum were screened at an E-value of <1 × 10 −5 . Then, the Pfam database ( , accessed on 16 November 2022) and NCBI Batch CD-search ( , accessed on 16 November 2022) were used to verify the conserved domain of YABBY proteins [ 32 ]. The length of amino acid, the molecular weight, the instability index, the aliphatic index, the grand average of hydropathicity, and the isoelectric point of YABBY proteins in the M. dodecandrum were analyzed by ExPasy ( (accessed on 17 November 2022) [ 33 ].…”

“…A Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix kit (Vazyme, Nanjing, China) was used for the RT-qPCR analysis. The MdActin gene was used as an internal reference [ 32 ], and the biological repetition and technical repetition were performed three times. The expression level was calculated by the 2 −∆Ct method [ 1 , 32 ].…”

“…The MdActin gene was used as an internal reference [ 32 ], and the biological repetition and technical repetition were performed three times. The expression level was calculated by the 2 −∆Ct method [ 1 , 32 ].…”