Abstract:The SnRK (Snf1-Related protein Kinase) gene family plays an important role in energy sensing and stress-adaptive responses in plant systems. In this study, Chlamydomonas CKIN family (SnRK in Arabidopsis) was defined after a genome-wide analysis of all sequenced Chlorophytes. Twenty-two sequences were defined as plant SnRK orthologs in Chlamydomonas and classified into two subfamilies: CKIN1 and CKIN2. While CKIN1 subfamily is reduced to one conserved member and a close protein (CKIN1L), a large CKIN2 subfamily… Show more
“…1b). Chlamydomonas cultures irradiated with low UV-C dosages show no reduction in their biomass yield (FW) compared to unstressed [22]. Although applied UV-C stress did not change yields, it modi ed Chlamydomonas biomass composition with the accumulation of starch and the fall of soluble sugars upon stress imposition (ANOVA 0.05) (Fig.…”
Background: The exposition of microalgae and plants to low UV-C radiation dosages can improve their biomass composition and stress tolerance. Despite UV-C shares these effects with UV-A/B but at much lower dosages, UV-C sensing and signal mechanisms are still mostly unknown. Thus, we have described and integrated the proteometabolomic and physiological changes occurring in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii –a simple Plantae model– into the first 24 h after a short and low intensity UV-C irradiation in order to reconstruct the microalgae response system to this stress. Results : The microalgae response was characterized by increased redox homeostasis, ROS scavenging and protein damage repair/avoidance elements. These processes were upregulated along others related to the modulation of photosynthetic electron flux, carbon fixation and C/N metabolism. These changes, attributed to either direct UV-C-, ROS- or redox unbalances-associated damage, trigger a response process involving novel signaling intermediaries and effectors as the translation modulator FAP204, a PP2A like protein and a novel DYRK kinase. These elements were found linked to the modulation of Chlamydomonas biomass composition (starch accumulation) and proliferation, within an UV-C response probably modulated by different epigenetic factors.Conclusion: Chosen multiomics integration approach was able to describe many fast changes, including biomass composition and ROS stress tolerance, as a response to a low intensity UV-C stress. Moreover, the employed omics and systems biology approach placed many previously unidentified protein and metabolites at the center of these changes. These elements would be promising targets for the characterization of this stress response in microalgae and plants and the engineering of more productive microalgae strains.
“…1b). Chlamydomonas cultures irradiated with low UV-C dosages show no reduction in their biomass yield (FW) compared to unstressed [22]. Although applied UV-C stress did not change yields, it modi ed Chlamydomonas biomass composition with the accumulation of starch and the fall of soluble sugars upon stress imposition (ANOVA 0.05) (Fig.…”
Background: The exposition of microalgae and plants to low UV-C radiation dosages can improve their biomass composition and stress tolerance. Despite UV-C shares these effects with UV-A/B but at much lower dosages, UV-C sensing and signal mechanisms are still mostly unknown. Thus, we have described and integrated the proteometabolomic and physiological changes occurring in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii –a simple Plantae model– into the first 24 h after a short and low intensity UV-C irradiation in order to reconstruct the microalgae response system to this stress. Results : The microalgae response was characterized by increased redox homeostasis, ROS scavenging and protein damage repair/avoidance elements. These processes were upregulated along others related to the modulation of photosynthetic electron flux, carbon fixation and C/N metabolism. These changes, attributed to either direct UV-C-, ROS- or redox unbalances-associated damage, trigger a response process involving novel signaling intermediaries and effectors as the translation modulator FAP204, a PP2A like protein and a novel DYRK kinase. These elements were found linked to the modulation of Chlamydomonas biomass composition (starch accumulation) and proliferation, within an UV-C response probably modulated by different epigenetic factors.Conclusion: Chosen multiomics integration approach was able to describe many fast changes, including biomass composition and ROS stress tolerance, as a response to a low intensity UV-C stress. Moreover, the employed omics and systems biology approach placed many previously unidentified protein and metabolites at the center of these changes. These elements would be promising targets for the characterization of this stress response in microalgae and plants and the engineering of more productive microalgae strains.
“…Non-SnRK sequences were filtered out from homology results through the analysis of their domain composition using the version 75.0 of the Inter Pro Scan database [27]. Only P. pinaster sequences with the Arabidopsis SnRKs canonical domain composition-including Ser/Thr kinase domains (PTHR24343, PTHR43895), UBA (IPR015940), KA1/ αCTD (IPR001772), Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756), AMPK glycogen binding subunit (IPR032640), ASC (IPR006828), Immunoglobulin E-set (IPR014756), CBS (IPR000644) and NAF/FISL (IPR018451) domains (Table S1)-were maintained for further analyses as previously specified [28]. Pinus pinaster PpiSNRK transcript sequences were used for the identification of possible PpiSNRK isoforms.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PpiSnRK sequences were aligned with other SnRK sequences belonging to Arabidopsis and different microalgae species [28] (Table S2) using the M-Coffee consensus alignment method with default parameters [29]. Alignment was filter-curated through the Transitive Consistency Score algorithm (TCS) using default parameters [30].…”
Section: Alignment Of Snrk Sequencesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…P. pinaster PpiSnRK2 sequences were all included into the SnRK2A group along Arabidopsis SnRK2s. The third cluster, PpiSnRK2 sequences (Ser/Thr kinase (PTHR24343) domain), was divided into SnRK2(A) and (B) clusters as previously described [28] with all the P. pinaster PpiSnRK2 and Arabidopsis SnRK2 sequences falling into the SnRK2(A) cluster (Figure 1, Table S1). SnRK2(A) also included a small group of plant-like microalgae SnRK2s conforming the Group 2 of SnRK2(A) ( Figure 1).…”
Section: Identification Of the P Pinaster Snrk Family Membersmentioning
Climate change is increasing the intensity and incidence of environmental stressors, reducing the biomass yields of forestry species as Pinus pinaster. Selection of new stress-tolerant varieties is thus required. Many genes related to plant stress signaling pathways have proven useful for this purpose with sucrose non-fermenting related kinases (SnRK), conserved across plant evolution and connected to different phosphorylation cascades within ABA- and Ca2+-mediated signaling pathways, as a good example. The modulation of SnRKs and/or the selection of specific SnRK alleles have proven successful strategies to increase plant stress resistance. Despite this, SnRKs have been barely studied in gymnosperms. In this work P. pinaster SnRK sequences (PpiSnRK) were identified through a homology- and domain-based sequence analysis using Arabidopsis SnRK sequences as query. Moreover, PpiSnRKs links to the gymnosperm stress response were modeled out of the known interactions of PpiSnRKs orthologs from other species with different signaling complexity. This approach successfully identified the pine SnRK family and predicted their central role into the gymnosperm stress response, linking them to ABA, Ca2+, sugar/energy and possibly ethylene signaling. These links made the gymnosperm kinases promising candidates into the search for new stress resistance-related biomarkers, which would be useful into future breeding strategies.
“…Similarly, the presence and role of CKIN (protein kinase family) have been studied in C. reinhardtii through genome‐wide identification. The role of this gene family in stress tolerance, adaptation, cell survival, and biomolecule accumulation was elucidated . In short, genomics provides a basic overview of the overall functionality and relatedness between different algal species.…”
Section: Identification Of Genetic Engineering Targetsmentioning
Algal lipids have shown promising feedstock to produce biodiesel due to higher energy content, higher cetane number, and renewable nature. However, at present, the lipid productivity is too low to meet the commercial needs. Various approaches can be employed to enhance the lipid content and lipid productivity in microalgae. Stress manipulation is an attractive option to modify the algal lipid content, but it faces the drawback of time‐consuming production processing and lack of information about molecular mechanisms related to triacylglycerides production in response to stress. Developing the robust hyper lipid accumulating algal strains has gained momentum due to advances in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology tools. Understanding the molecular basis of lipid biosynthesis followed by reorienting the related pathways through genomic modification is an alluring strategy that is believed to achieve the industrial and economic robustness. This review portrays the use of integrated OMIC approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of strain adaptability in response to stress conditions, and identification of molecular pathways that should become novel targets to develop novel algal strains. Moreover, an update on the metabolic engineering approaches to improve the lipid production in microalgae is also provided.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.