Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of heavy cannabis exposure in a New Zealand longitudinal cohort

Abstract

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Cannabis use is of increasing public health interest globally. Here we examined the effect of cannabis use, with and without tobacco, on genome-wide DNA methylation in a longitudinal birth cohort (Christchurch Health and Development Study). We found the most differentially methylated sites in cannabis with tobacco users were in the <jats:italic>AHRR</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F2RL3</jats:italic> genes, replicating previous studies on the effects of tobacco. Cannabis-only users had no evidence of differential methylation in these genes, or at any other loci at the epigenomewide significance level (P&lt;10<jats:sup>−7</jats:sup>). However, there were 521 sites differentially methylated at P&lt;0.001 which were enriched for genes involved in cardiomyopathy and neuronal signalling. Further, the most differentially methylated loci were associated with genes with reported roles in brain function (e.g. <jats:italic>TMEM190, MUC3L, CDC20</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SP9</jats:italic>). We conclude that the effects of cannabis use on the mature human blood methylome differ from, and are less pronounced than, the effects of tobacco use, and that larger sample sizes are required to investigate this further.</jats:p>