Genome‐wide assessment of tandem repeat markers for biogeographical analyses of the corn smut fungus, <i> Ustilago maydis</i>

Munkacsi, Andrew B.; Kawakami, Shin-ichi; Pan, Jean J.; Lee, K.; Stoxen, Sam; Hang, Justin-Tou Ya; May, Georgiana

doi:10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01199.x

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ten SSR loci on nine different chromosomes were selected to represent a range of repeat motif lengths and varying levels of diversity appropriate to the possible time scales of this study ( Munkacsi et al . 2006 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Scoring SSR loci Ten SSR loci on nine different chromosomes were selected to represent a range of repeat motif lengths and varying levels of diversity appropriate to the possible time scales of this study (Munkacsi et al 2006). The repeat motif characteristics and forward and reverse primer sequences for each locus are provided (electronic supplementary material, table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total genomic DNA was extracted from approximately 10 mg of teliospores. PCR cycle conditions used to amplify fragments from 10 ng of genomic DNA using fluorescent-labelled primers and automated sequencer analysis of PCR fragment sizes (Applied Biosystems model 3100) were the same as described previously (Munkacsi et al 2006). Fragment (allele) size G0.5 bp was determined with GENESCAN ANALYSIS software (v. 3.7,Applied Biosystems,Inc.).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ustilago maydispopulations tracked maize through domestication and cultivation in the Americas

2008

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The domestication of crops and the development of agricultural societies not only brought about major changes in human interactions with the environment but also in plants' interactions with the diseases that challenge them. We evaluated the impact of the domestication of maize from teosinte and the widespread cultivation of maize on the historical demography of Ustilago maydis, a fungal pathogen of maize. To determine the evolutionary response of the pathogen's populations, we obtained multilocus genotypes for 1088 U. maydis diploid individuals from two teosinte subspecies in Mexico and from maize in Mexico and throughout the Americas. Results identified five major U. maydis populations: two in Mexico; two in South America; and one in the United States. The two populations in Mexico diverged from the other populations at times comparable to those for the domestication of maize at 6000 -10 000 years before present. Maize domestication and agriculture enforced sweeping changes in U. maydis populations such that the standing variation in extant pathogen populations reflects evolution only since the time of the crop's domestication.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ustilago maydispopulations tracked maize through domestication and cultivation in the Americas

2008

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“…More generally, widely distributed, high-density and genetically uniform populations, such as those of cultivated crops, regularly select for new pathogens (Stukenbrock & McDonald 2008). Population genetics and phylogenetics have provided evidence that many fungal pathogens have emerged through host shifts, host-range expansion or host tracking over the last 10 000 years, following the domestication of the affected crops (Couch et al 2005;Munkacsi et al 2006;Stukenbrock et al 2007;Zaffarano et al 2008;Frenkel et al 2010;Gladieux et al 2010bGladieux et al , 2011Silva et al 2012). By contrast, host plants do not seem to exert strong selective pressure on mycorrhizal fungi, and there are few examples of strict mycorrhizal host specificity (Bruns et al 2002).…”

Section: Pathogens and Mutualists: The Host As A Selective Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal evolutionary genomics provides insight into the mechanisms of adaptive divergence in eukaryotes

et al. 2014

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Fungi are ideal model organisms for dissecting the genomic bases of adaptive divergence in eukaryotes. They have simple morphologies and small genomes, occupy contrasting, well-identified ecological niches and tend to have short generation times, and many are amenable to experimental approaches. Fungi also display diverse lifestyles, from saprotrophs to pathogens or mutualists, and they play extremely important roles in both ecosystems and human activities, as wood decayers, mycorrhizal fungi, lichens, endophytes, plant and animal pathogens, and in fermentation or drug production. We review here recent insights into the patterns and mechanisms of adaptive divergence in fungi, including sources of divergence, genomic variation and, ultimately, speciation. We outline the various ecological sources of divergent selection and genomic changes, showing that gene loss and changes in gene expression and in genomic architecture are important adaptation processes, in addition to the more widely recognized processes of amino acid substitution and gene duplication. We also review recent findings regarding the interspecific acquisition of genomic variation and suggesting an important role for introgression, hybridization and horizontal gene transfers (HGTs). We show that transposable elements can mediate several of these genomic changes, thus constituting important factors for adaptation. Finally, we review the consequences of divergent selection in terms of speciation, arguing that genetic incompatibilities may not be as widespread as generally thought and that pleiotropy between adaptation and reproductive isolation is an important route of speciation in fungal pathogens.

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“…The statistical analysis of heterozygosity revealed an average of 2.4 alleles per locus, with an effective number of alleles of 1006. These findings led them to conclude that genetic diversity was greater on small geographic scales as a result of the high sexual recombination of the fungus (Zambino et al, 1997;Munkacsi et al, 2006). Similarly, Valverde et al (2000) examined the nuclear DNA of 30 isolates from five localities in Mexico with RFLP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Variation of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sporisorium reilianum in Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo

et al. 2020

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Head smut in maize (Zea mays) is a systemic disease caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Sporisorium reilianum. One of the most severely affected regions in Mexico is Valle del Mezquital in the state of Hidalgo, a high production zone with irrigated agriculture that produces over 50% of maize supplies in the state. This study was designed to analyze the genetic diversity of this phytopathogen isolated from different zones of Valle del Mezquital using the following molecular markers: ITS, aspartyl protease, β-tubulin, and the mitochondrial endonuclease LAGLIDADG. Our objective was to estimate the level of genetic variability in a regional space and understand the evolutionary processes to which non-model organisms are subjected. A total of 53 strains of S. reilianum were isolated from the sampling sites and then purified. A Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) analysis of the genetic structuring allowed us to recover three genetic groupings (K = 3), while molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) showed a very low fixation index (F ST = 0.0146), which was not statistically significant and indicated little between-group genetic differentiation. Also, the value determined for the coefficient of genetic differentiation (Gst) showed little variation among the genetic groups, while the gene flow number (Nm) was 8.25. The Tajima's D estimator and haplotype network recently indicated a rapid population expansion. Together, these results suggest that reproduction and migration are key factors in the evolution and virulence of this fungus.

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Genome‐wide assessment of tandem repeat markers for biogeographical analyses of the corn smut fungus, Ustilago maydis

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Ustilago maydispopulations tracked maize through domestication and cultivation in the Americas

Ustilago maydispopulations tracked maize through domestication and cultivation in the Americas

Fungal evolutionary genomics provides insight into the mechanisms of adaptive divergence in eukaryotes

Molecular Variation of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sporisorium reilianum in Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo

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