Genome-Wide Analysis of the MADS-box Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Anther Development in Salvia miltiorrhiza

Abstract

MADS-box genes constitute a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and development. However, our understanding of MADS-box genes involved in anther development and male sterility in Salvia miltiorrhiza is still limited. In this study, 63 MADS-box genes were identified from the genome of the male sterility ecotype Sichuan S. miltiorrhiza (S. miltiorrhiza_SC) unevenly distributed among eight chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into two types and 17 subfamilies. They contained 1 to 12 exons and 10 conserved motifs. Evolution analysis showed that segmental duplication was the main force for the expansion of the SmMADS gene family, and duplication gene pairs were under purifying selection. Cis-acting elements analysis demonstrated that the promoter of SmMADS genes contain numerous elements associated with plant growth and development, plant hormones, and stress response. RNA-seq showed that the expression levels of B-class and C-class SmMADS genes were highly expressed during anther development, with SmMADS11 likely playing an important role in regulating anther development and male fertility in S. miltiorrhiza_SC. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the MADS-box gene family in S. miltiorrhiza, shedding light on their potential role in anther development and male sterility.

Genome-wide analysis of the MADS-box gene family of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) and their potential role in floral organ development

“…MADS-box genes are essential for the formation of flower structures and have received attention in numerous plant species, such as model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with 107 genes ( Kofuji et al., 2003 ), rice with 76 genes ( Arora et al., 2007 ); monoecious plant such as camellia with 89 genes ( Zhou et al., 2023 ), lychee with 101 genes ( Guan et al., 2021 ) and Salvia miltiorrhiza with 63 genes ( Chai et al., 2023 ); dioecious plants kiwifruit with 89 genes ( Ye et al., 2022 ) and longan with 114 genes ( Wang et al., 2022 ), among others. In this study, we identified 92 HrMADS genes in sea buckthorn.…”

“…The discrepancies in MADS-box gene quantities among species could be linked to genome-wide duplication (WGD) occurrences throughout evolution. Typically, the count of Type II MADS-box genes surpasses that of Type I in the majority of species, as seen in kiwifruit (21 Type I, 68 Type II) ( Ye et al., 2022 ), camellia (38 Type I, 51 Type II) ( Zhou et al., 2023 ), and Salvia miltiorrhiza (14 Type I, 49 Type II) ( Chai et al., 2023 ). Sea buckthorn had a larger quantity of Type II HrMADS genes (50 genes) compared to Type I (42 genes), possibly because Type II genes underwent a more significant number of duplication occurrences in sea buckthorn.…”

“…In lychee, LcMADS51 ( LcSTK ) plays a positive role in carpel development, whereas six MADS box genes, LcMADS42 / 46 / 47 / 75 / 93 / 100 , may be involved in stamen development ( Guan et al., 2021 ). In Salvia miltiorrhiza , SmMADS11 is thought to play an important role in regulating anther development and male fertility ( Chai et al., 2023 ). In Physalis , MPF3 specifies calyx identity by interacting with MPF2 ( Zhao et al., 2013 ), the class B genes PFGLO1 - PFDEF primarily determine corolla and stamen cluster characteristics and play a novel role in gynoecium function ( Zhang et al., 2015 ), and two PFAG genes interact to determine male and female organ characteristics and functions ( Zhao et al., 2021 ).…”

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Sucrose Nonfermenting 1-Related Protein Kinase (SnRK) Genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza in Response to Hormone

“…Many drugs containing S. miltiorrhiza material have been developed and marketed in China for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, such as Fufang Danshen tablets and Compound Danshen Dripping Pills [36]. With the genome of S. miltiorrhiza sequenced [37][38][39], many gene families have been identified and investigated in S. miltiorrhiza, such as WRKY [40], bHLH [41], TIFY [42], laccases [43], B-box [44] and MADS-box [45]. The information about SnRK genes in S. miltiorrhiza is not clear despite SnRK genes being key components of energy management and stress resistance in plants.…”