Genome-wide analysis of the laccase (LAC) gene family in Aeluropus littoralis: A focus on identification, evolution and expression patterns in response to abiotic stresses and ABA treatment

Abstract

Laccases are plant enzymes with essential functions during growth and development. These monophenoloxidases are involved in lignin polymerization, and their expression respond to environmental stress. However, studies of laccases in some plants and fungi have highlighted that many structural and functional aspects of these genes are still unknown. Here, the laccase gene family in Aeluropus littoralis (AlLAC) is described based on sequence structure and expression patterns under abiotic stresses and ABA treatment. Fifteen non-redundant AlLACs were identified from the A. littoralis genome, which showed differences in physicochemical characteristics and gene structure. Based on phylogenetic analysis, AlLACs and their orthologues were classified into five groups. A close evolutionary relationship was observed between LAC gene family members in rice and A. littoralis. According to the interaction network, AlLACs interact more with proteins involved in biological processes such as iron incorporation into the metallo-sulfur cluster, lignin catabolism, regulation of the symbiotic process and plant-type primary cell wall biogenesis. Gene expression analysis of selected AlLACs using real-time RT (reverse transcription)-PCR revealed that AlLACs are induced in response to abiotic stresses such as cold, salt, and osmotic stress, as well as ABA treatment. Moreover, AlLACs showed differential expression patterns in shoot and root tissues. Our findings indicate that AlLACs are preferentially involved in the late response of A. littoralis to abiotic stress.

Ethylene Signaling Pathway Genes in Strawberry and Their Expression Patterns during Fruit Ripening

“…This finding suggested that the FaETR and FaEIN3/EIN gene family has undergone an expansion in the octoploid strawberry. However, diverse expression patterns were observed between members of the FaETR and FaEIN3/EIN gene family, suggesting that there are different regulatory systems between the members of these gene families affecting their expression levels [52,53]. The ETRs from strawberry, Arabidopsis and tomato in the phylogenetic tree were divided into two subfamilies, which was consistent with previous reports [25,48].…”

Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of E2F/DP gene family members in response to abiotic stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…It was stated that phytohormones such as ABA, SA, and jasmonic acid are associated with plant cell signalling pathways linked to response of biotic and abiotic stresses [ 61 ]. Key stress signalling pathways and ion transporter genes are controlled by ABA signalling in response to stresses [ 62 ]. Our results disclose that SlE2F/DP genes are probably being in cellular cascades related to ABA.…”

NRAMP gene family in Kandelia obovata: genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and response to five different copper stress conditions

“…The structure of genes has undergone changes during evolutionary processes, leading to an increase in the number of exons/introns. Generally, genes with fewer introns go through the editing process and leave the nucleus sooner ( Hashemipetroudi et al., 2023 ; Yaghobi and Heidari, 2023 ). Based on this, the different gene structures may affect the expression pattern of NRAMP genes.…”

“…Protein sequences of NRAMP genes from the following species were used in the phylogenetic analysis: Vitis vinifera (Vv), Aegiceras corniculatum (Ac), Solanum tuberosum (St), Populus trichocarpa (Pt), Kandelia obovata (Ko), and Arabidopsis thaliana (At). The MEGA11 (V 6.06) software, available at www.megasoftware.net , was commonly employed to align protein sequences ( Hashemipetroudi et al., 2023 ). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method, using 1000 bootstrap replicates.…”