Genome-wide analysis of the heat stress response in Zebu (Sahiwal) cattle

Mehla, Kusum; Magotra, Ankit; Choudhary, Jyoti; Singh, Avtar; Mohanty, A. K.; Upadhyay, R. C.; Srinivasan, Surendran; Gupta, Pankaj; Choudhary, Nisha; Antony, Bristo; Badrealam, Khan Farheen

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.051

Cited by 54 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Under thermoneutral conditions the core body temperature of cattle is between 38 °C to 38.5 °C (Sjaastad et al, 2003), where a rectal temperature greater than 42 °C is considered to be lethal (Findlay, 1958). Mehla et al (2014) indicated that as body temperature increases towards 42 °C there are numerous effects on bodily functions. Notably there is i) direct damage to cells where there is an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability; ii) an increase in the animal's metabolic rate; and iii) a reduction in blood flow around the body (Mehla et al, 2014).…”

Section: Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mehla et al (2014) indicated that as body temperature increases towards 42 °C there are numerous effects on bodily functions. Notably there is i) direct damage to cells where there is an increase in membrane fluidity and permeability; ii) an increase in the animal's metabolic rate; and iii) a reduction in blood flow around the body (Mehla et al, 2014).…”

Section: Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above 42 °C homeostatic systems within the body reach their upper critical limits for normal function (Mehla et al, 2014), resulting in death.…”

Section: Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyperthermia as a result of heat load can compromise cellular function and result in physiological changes (Hansen, 2004), thus influencing animal welfare and performance. The compromise of cellular functions is somewhat the result of electrolyte imbalances as well as inhibited protein synthesis that may be experienced during heat load (Mehla et al, 2014). However the negative impact of heat load on animal performance can partly be explained by the reduction in DMI.…”

Section: Haematological Responses To Heat Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

Lees¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heat load is a significant animal welfare and cost of production issue worldwide. In the US alone heat load is reported to have an annual economic burden of > $300 million in the beef sector.Furthermore animal growth is often depressed during summer resulting in heat related decreases in weight gain of approximately 10 kg which coincides with a 7 day increase in days on feed. The reduced growth rate increases days on feed, thereby increasing the cost of production. Whilst the effects of heat load on cattle has been researched for a number of years, there is speculation as to the interactions between hot environmental conditions and livestock performance, reproduction, health and overall wellbeing. Therefore there is a need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic responses of animals to heat load. The key focus of heat load research is to develop effective management strategies to support animal comfort and performance during hot periods.While heat load can occur in pasture raised cattle, it is mostly observed within the intensive grain feed feedlot industry. Heat load occurs where a combination of environmental conditions exceed the animals ability to regulate body temperature, thus impacting on homeostasis. However how an animal responds to heat load is also dependent on a number of individual characteristics, including genotype, coat characteristics, health status and days on feed. Therefore no two animals will respond to hot climatic conditions in exactly the same manner. There are numerous responses to heat load that can be measured and/or observed in cattle, including changes in behaviour, respiratory dynamics, blood metabolites and body temperature. The experiments within this thesis were focused on investigating the; A key aspect in managing heat load is that feedlot personnel are able to recognise the responses of cattle to high heat load. Improvements in animal management have contributed to alleviating some of the negative effects of heat load. However summer conditions are still responsible for significant production losses and welfare concerns worldwide. Furthermore heat load cannot be completely eradicated where there are animal production operations in tropical and sub-tropical regions.Therefore the primary purpose of heat load research becomes focused on the effective use of mitigation strategies prior to and during heat related stress events, thus improving animal survivability and welfare during these events.iii Declaration by author Publications included in this thesisNo publications included. Contributions by others to the thesis

show abstract

Section: Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Above 42 °C homeostatic systems within the body reach their upper critical limits for normal function (Mehla et al, 2014), resulting in death.…”

Section: Core Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Haematological Responses To Heat Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

Lees¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…59 The HSPA1A was up-regulated following HS in Sahiwal heifer. 60 A strong relationship was also established between chicken and HSP 70 genotypes during heat resistance and several studies revealed that there are some polymorphism sites that can be effectively used to identify the heat tolerant trait in chicken respectively. [61][62][63] …”

Section: Types Of Hsps Studied In Livestock During Hsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress

PR¹

2017

JDVAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present review is an attempt to signify the importance of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation during heat stress. The cellular and molecular responses in livestock are very crucial as it may lead to identification of confirmatory biomarker for heat stress in livestock. Thermo-tolerant gene expression and elevated heat shock protein (HSP) levels are observed to be the ultimate response through which the cell survives the heat stress. The HSPs have chaperonic activity ensuring the folding, unfolding and refolding of stress-denatured proteins. The components of heat shock response include heat shock factors (HSFs), heat shock element (HSE) and HSP. The cellular response to heat stress in mammalian organisms is controlled at the transcription level and it is mediated by a family of HSF which are regulated by the corresponding HSF genes. The activated HSFs bind with the HSE in the promoter region of HSP genes culminating in enhanced transcription of HSP mRNA. The HSP70, HSP90 and HSP27 are the predominant HSPs having protective role during heat stress in farm animals. Among these HSPs studied, HSP70 was identified to be the ideal biological marker for quantifying heat stress in animals.Keywords: heat stress, heat shock factors, heat shock response, hsp70, livestock Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research Review Article Open AccessRole of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation to heat stress the latter as it is harder to find an environment with a single variable changing. However, both these mechanisms are phenotypic responses as it is induced by the environment and the response goes once the stress is removed. It is usually produced to improve the fitness of the animal to the environment. Animals develop specific adaptive mechanisms if the environment stressors are present for a prolonged period. The mechanisms of adaptation include morphological, behavioural, biochemical and physiological changes. Biochemical adaptation to thermal stress involves changes in proteins, membrane lipids and metabolic rate.7 Genetic markers are of prior importance in the recent revolutionary developments in the field of molecular technology because of its viability as the biochemical adaptation can be utilized in livestock breeding programs compared to the behavioral, morphological or physiological responses to stress which is of less relevance. Heat shock protein is an important biomarker produced as cellular and tissue defense mechanism whose expression is markedly increased during heat shock. 8 The present review is an attempt to signify the importance of heat shock proteins in livestock adaptation during HS. General cellular responses to heat stressCellular exposure to thermal stress induces a number of anomalies in the functioning of cells which alters the biological molecules, disturbs cell functions, modulates metabolic reactions, induces oxidative cell damage and activates both apoptosis and necrosis pathways, ultimately leading to cell survival, acclimation or cell death depending on the time and...

show abstract

Size does matter: Parallel evolution of adaptive thermal tolerance and body size facilitates adaptation to climate change in domestic cattle

Elayadeth-Meethal

Veettil

Maloney

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The adaptive potential of livestock under a warming climate is increasingly relevant in relation to the growing pressure of global food security. Studies on heat tolerance demonstrate the interplay of adaptation and acclimatization in functional traits, for example, a reduction in body size and enhanced tolerance in response to a warming climate. However, current lack of understanding of functional traits and phylogenetic history among phenotypically distinct populations constrains predictions of climate change impact. Here, we demonstrate evidence of parallel evolution in adaptive tolerance to heat stress in dwarf cattle breeds (DCB, Bos taurus indicus) and compare their thermoregulatory responses with those in standard size cattle breeds (SCB, crossbred, Bos taurus indicus × Bos taurus taurus). We measured vital physiological, hematological, biochemical, and gene expression changes in DCB and SCB and compared the molecular phylogeny using mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) analysis. Our results show that SCB can acclimatize in the short term to higher temperatures but reach their tolerance limit under prevailing tropical conditions, while DCB is adapted to the warmer climate. Increased hemoglobin concentration, reduced cellular size, and smaller body size enhance thermal tolerance. Mitogenome analysis revealed that different lineages of DCB have evolved reduced size independently, as a parallel adaptation to heat stress. The results illustrate mechanistic ways of dwarfing, body size‐dependent tolerance, and differential fitness in a large mammal species under harsh field conditions, providing a background for comparing similar populations during global climate change. These demonstrate the value of studies combining functional, physiological, and evolutionary approaches to delineate adaptive potential and plasticity in domestic species. We thus highlight the value of locally adapted breeds as a reservoir of genetic variation contributing to the global domestic genetic resource pool that will become increasingly important for livestock production systems under a warming climate.

show abstract

Genome-wide analysis of the heat stress response in Zebu (Sahiwal) cattle

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Livestock Adaptation to Heat Stress

Size does matter: Parallel evolution of adaptive thermal tolerance and body size facilitates adaptation to climate change in domestic cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About