Genome-Wide Analysis of the HDAC Gene Family and Its Functional Characterization at Low Temperatures in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

Abstract

Histone deacetylases (HDACs), widely found in various types of eukaryotic cells, play crucial roles in biological process, including the biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, no research on the HDACs of Fagopyrum tataricum has been reported. Here, 14 putative FtHDAC genes were identified and annotated in Fagopyrum tataricum. Their gene structure, motif composition, cis-acting elements, phylogenetic relationships, protein structure, alternative splicing events, subcellular localization and gene expression pattern were investigated. The gene structure showed FtHDACs were classified into three subfamilies. The promoter analysis revealed the presence of various cis-acting elements responsible for hormone, abiotic stress and developmental regulation for the specific induction of FtHDACs. Two duplication events were identified in FtHDA6-1, FtHDA6-2, and FtHDA19. The expression patterns of FtHDACs showed their correlation with the flavonoid synthesis pathway genes. In addition, alternative splicing, mRNA enrichment profiles and transgenic analysis showed the potential role of FtHDACs in cold responses. Our study characterized FtHDACs, providing a candidate gene family for agricultural breeding and crop improvement.

Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Pattern Analysis of the GATA Gene Family in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

“…The pI of 16/28 (57.14%) FtGATA genes was under seven ( Table S2 ), indicating that most FtGATA genes were rich in acidic amino acids. However, this was contrary to the results of some GATA transcription factors [ 35 , 37 , 38 ], and the findings for different protein families in Tartary buckwheat were consistent [ 39 ]. This indicated that the pI of the same gene family is different for different species, and the pI of the same species may be the same for different gene families.…”

Changes in the Carbohydrate Profile in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Seedlings Induced by Cold Stress and Dehydration

“…Several interesting reports on cold stress in Tartary buckwheat have been published recently [ 92 , 93 , 94 ]. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was elevated after cold treatment of seedlings, confirming that flavonoids play an important role in enhancing resistance to this stress [ 92 ].…”

“…The authors identified 24 genes involved in the synthesis of flavonoids in response to cold. Another study showed that in F. tataricum , low temperature caused significant changes in the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) which correlated with flavonoid synthesis pathway genes [ 93 ]. Besides, when F. tataricum was subjected to cold stress, the anthocyanin content in the epidermis and cortex cells of the hypocotyl was twice as high as in the cotyledons increases their resistance to cold [ 91 ].…”

Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analysis of the TIFY Family Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses and Hormone Treatments in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)

“…It is replete with an assortment of carbohydrates and flavonoids, particularly rutin, exhibiting significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and cardiovascular-preventive properties [ 23 ]. Given its natural occurrence in Southwest China and its prevalence along the fringes of the Himalayas, Tartary buckwheat has attracted the attention of numerous scientific researchers, who have documented its robust adaptability to abiotic stressors [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. We hypothesized that the unexplored TIFY protein family, which is exclusive to plants, plays a pivotal role in the growth, hormonal responses, and, in particular, the stress reactions of Tartary buckwheat.…”