Genome-wide analysis of the GLP gene family and overexpression of GLP1-5–1 to promote lignin accumulation during early somatic embryo development in Dimocarpus longan

Abstract

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an economically important subtropical fruit tree. Its fruit quality and yield are affected by embryo development. As a plant seed germination marker gene, the germin-like protein (GLP) gene plays an important role in embryo development. However, the mechanism underlying the role of the GLP gene in somatic embryos is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted genome-wide identification of the longan GLP (DlGLP) gene and preliminarily verified the function of DlGLP1-5–1. Thirty-five genes were identified as longan GLP genes and divided into 8 subfamilies. Based on transcriptome data and qRT‒PCR results, DlGLP genes exhibited the highest expression levels in the root, and the expression of most DlGLPs was upregulated during the early somatic embryogenesis (SE) in longan and responded to high temperature stress and 2,4-D treatment; eight DlGLP genes were upregulated under MeJA treatment, and four of them were downregulated under ABA treatment. Subcellular localization showed that DlGLP5-8–2 and DlGLP1-5–1 were located in the cytoplasm and extracellular stroma/chloroplast, respectively. Overexpression of DIGLP1-5–1 in the globular embryos (GEs) of longan promoted the accumulation of lignin and decreased the H2O2 content by regulating the activities of ROS-related enzymes. The results provide a reference for the functional analysis of DlGLPs and related research on improving lignin accumulation in the agricultural industry through genetic engineering.

Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Gamma-, Electron, and Proton Irradiation on Transcriptomic Profile of Hordeum vulgare L. Seedlings: In Search for Molecular Contributors to Abiotic Stress Resilience

“…A0A287KQB5 encodes for germin-like protein 5-1 (GLP, Table 1). GLPs were upregulated during the early somatic embryogenesis and responded to high temperature stress and 2,4-D treatment [76]. Moreover, overexpression of Dimocarpus longan GLP1-5-1 in the globular embryos of longan promoted lignin accumulation and decreased the H 2 O 2 content by regulating the activities of ROS-related enzymes [76].…”

Identification and characterization of the cupin_1 domain-containing proteins in ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) and their potential role in rhizome sprouting

“…CDP family includes GLP members that contain a single cupin_1 domain, which are related to hormone-mediated development processes ( Murphy and Peer, 2022 ). GLPs have been identified in multiple species ( Davidson et al., 2010 ; Cheng et al., 2014 ; Li et al., 2016 ; Zhang et al., 2022 ; Li et al., 2023 ), and whole CDP family members have also been identified in B. napus ( He et al., 2022 ). In our cognition, the distribution and functional diversity of CDP family in ma bamboo have not been studied.…”

“…For example, GLP proteins in Cucumis melo responded to low temperatures, and CmGLP2-5 may have a key role in this process ( Zhang et al., 2022 ). Overexpression of DIGLP1-5-1 in the globular embryos of Dimocarpus longan increased the accumulation of lignin and lowered the H 2 O 2 content by modulating the activities of ROS-related enzymes ( Li et al., 2023 ).…”

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis Reveal bZIP Transcription Factors Mediated Hormones That Functions during Early Somatic Embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan

“…The publication of second-generation [ 28 ] and third-generation genomes [ 29 ] of D. longan has greatly facilitated the identification of gene families and functional studies. In recent years, gene families affecting SE in D. longan such as GLP [ 30 ], SAUR [ 31 ], XTH [ 32 ], DEAD-box [ 33 ], and Sm [ 34 ] have been identified, but genome-wide identification of bZIP TFs in D. longan has not been performed. Nowadays, it has been demonstrated that bZIP TFs respond to ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) of SE [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”