“…lncRNAs were long considered little beyond transcriptional noise; however, current evidence points to important roles in diverse biological processes across eukaryotes (van Werven et al, 2012;Ulitsky and Bartel, 2013;Flynn and Chang, 2014). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa), lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in flowering time regulation, reproduction, and root organogenesis (Swiezewski et al, 2009;Cifuentes-Rojas et al, 2011;Heo and Sung, 2011;Ariel et al, 2014;Bardou et al, 2014;Matzke et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2014b;Zhang et al, 2014;Berry and Dean, 2015;Khemka et al, 2016). lncRNAs are found both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, which suggests a diversity of modes of action, including chromatin modification (Heo et al, 2013); acting as decoys preventing access of regulatory proteins, including splicing machinery, and microRNAs to their true RNA and DNA targets (Franco-Zorrilla et al, 2007;Wu et al, 2013;Bardou et al, 2014); and acting as scaffolds for assembly of larger protein-RNA complexes (Lai et al, 2013;Pefanis et al, 2015).…”