Genome Variation in Tick Infestation and Cryptic Divergence in Tunisian Indigenous Sheep

Abstract

Background: Ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites considered second to mosquitos as vectors and reservoirs of multiple pathogens of global concern. Individual variation in tick infestation has been reported in indigenous sheep, but the genes regulating the trait are poorly understood.Results: Here, we report 397 genome-wide signatures of selection overlapping 991 genes from the analysis, using four methods (ROH, LR-GWAS, XP-EHH, FST), of 600K SNP genotype data from 170 Tunisian sheep exhibiting high and low resistance to ticks. We considered 45 signatures detected by consensus results of at least two methods as high-confidence selection sweep regions. These spanned 104 genes which included immune system function genes, solute carriers and chemokine receptor. One region spanned STX5, that has been associated with tick resistance in cattle, implicating it as a prime candidate in sheep. We also observed RAB6B and TF in a high confidence candidate region that has been associated with growth traits suggesting natural selection is enhancing growth and developmental stability under tick challenge. The analysis also reveals fine-scale genome structure suggesting the existence of cryptic divergence in the Tunisian sheep.Conclusion: Our findings provide genomic reference that could enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of tick resistance and cryptic divergence in indigenous sheep.