Genome sequencing and analysis of the first spontaneous Nanosilver resistant bacterium Proteus mirabilis strain SCDR1

Abstract

Background P. mirabilis is a common uropathogenic bacterium that can cause major complications in patients with long-standing indwelling catheters or patients with urinary tract anomalies. In addition, P. mirabilis is a common cause of chronic osteomyelitis in Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients. We isolated P. mirabilis SCDR1 from a Diabetic ulcer patient. We examined P. mirabilis SCDR1 levels of resistance against Nanosilver colloids, the commercial Nanosilver and silver containing bandages and commonly used antibiotics. We utilized next generation sequencing techniques (NGS), bioinformatics, phylogenetic analysis and pathogenomics in the characterization of the infectious pathogen.Results P. mirabilis SCDR1 was the first Nanosilver resistant isolate collected from a diabetic patient polyclonal infection. P. mirabilis SCDR1 showed high levels of resistance against Nanosilver colloids, Nanosilver chitosan composite and the commercially available Nanosilver and silver bandages. The P. mirabilis -SCDR1 genome size is 3,815,621 bp. with G + C content of 38.44%. P. mirabilis-SCDR1 genome contains a total of 3533 genes, 3414 coding DNA sequence genes, 11, 10, 18 rRNAs (5S, 16S, and 23S), and 76 tRNAs. Our isolate contains all the required pathogenicity and virulence factors to establish a successful infection. P. mirabilis SCDR1 isolate is a potential virulent pathogen that despite its original isolation site, the wound, can establish kidney infection and its associated complications. P. mirabilis SCDR1 contains several mechanisms for antibiotics and metals resistance, including, biofilm formation, swarming mobility, efflux systems, and enzymatic detoxification.Conclusion P. mirabilis SCDR1 is the first reported spontaneous Nanosilver resistant bacterial strain. P. mirabilis SCDR1 possesses several mechanisms that may lead to the observed Nanosilver resistance.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13756-017-0277-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Draft Genome Sequences of Proteus mirabilis K1609 and K670: A Model Strains for Territoriality Examination

“…Both our studied strains are located in BB2000-like group; however, K1609 is closely related to BB2000 comparing with the K670. The divergence into two clades represented by BB2000 and HI4320 was previously shown by the phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene [ 25 ]. Genome of K1609 clusters with the BB2000, BC11–24 and GN2, meanwhile K670 clusters with the AR_0029, AR379 and AR_0155.…”

Metabolic Profiling of VOCs Emitted by Bacteria Isolated from Pressure Ulcers and Treated with Different Concentrations of Bio-AgNPs

“…However, P. mirabilis SCDR1 isolated from a diabetic ulcer presented resistance against commercial Nanosilver products. Pathogenomics analysis showed that this strain carries several mechanisms related to biofilm formation, mobility, active transport and other detoxification methods, which may induce the observed resistance [ 80 ].…”

Metallic Nanoparticles—Friends or Foes in the Battle against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria?

“…However, over the last years, a growing body of research has evidenced that bacteria can indeed evolve defense strategies to cope with metallic NPs ( Figure 1B). Bacteria with increased resistance to Ag + ions and Ag-NPs have been repeatedly isolated from clinical and non-clinical environments [46][47][48]. More importantly, different researchers have recently proven that resistance to Ag-NPs or Cu-NPs can be quickly induced in vitro in both laboratory and clinical strains after repeated exposure to sublethal doses of NPs.…”