Genome Sequences of Four Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus SAT 1 Topotype X Isolates from Cameroon

Abstract

We report the genomes of four foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype SAT 1 topotype X isolates from Cameroon. The viruses were isolated from bovine epithelium collected during an outbreak in 2016. These novel sequences update knowledge of FMDV diversity in Central Africa and contribute to regional FMDV molecular epidemiology.

Foot-and-mouth disease in Cameroon: A systematic review to support its progressive control

“…The SAT1 topotype X was reported for the first time in Cameroonian (samples from the North region) and Nigerian cattle (Fig. 2) [6,7] . The occurrence of this SAT 1 topotype X between the two countries is not surprising as they face the challenge of uncontrolled animal movement across permeable international borders that allows the contact of animals, thus facilitating the incursion of FMD viruses and spread.…”

“…The other regions such as Littoral and Center have low serotype diversity, while for the South-West and South regions there is no information on the circulating serotypes (Table 1). East SAT 2, O [14] Far North O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3 [5,8,13,26] North O, A, SAT1, SAT 2 [6,7] North West O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2 [14] West O, SAT 1, SAT 3 [14] South West Not typed* [14] South Not typed* [14] *Samples from sites in the South and South-West regions were positive but were not serotyped.…”

“…Cattle O [20] 1981 to 1984 Cattle, Pigs O [20] 1985 to 1987 Cattle, Pigs, Goats, sheep A, SAT3 [20] 1988 Cattle, Pigs O, A, SAT2,SAT3 [20] 1989 Cattle O, A [14] 1996 Cattle O,A,SAT2 [14] 1998 Cattle SAT2 [14] 2004 Cattle O, A [3] 2005 Cattle O,A,SAT1, SAT2 [14] 2006 Cattle O,A,SAT1, SAT2, SAT3 [4,14] 2014 Cattle O,A,SAT1,SAT2,SAT3 [8] 2015 Cattle O,A,SAT1,SAT2,SAT3 [14,26] 2018 Cattle O,A,SAT2 [5,12] 2019 Cattle, Sheep, Goats O, A, SAT1,SAT2 [6,9,14] 2020 Cattle SAT1 [7] Risk-based identification findings: The transmission life cycle of FMD has been studied and remains complex for endemic settings. Some aspects of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) life cycle such as its persistence in the environment, the occurrence of subclinical animals (domestic and wild) and the possibility of transmission from small ruminants to cattle remain subjects for debate.…”

“…In Cameroon, molecular studies have confirmed that serotypes-O, A, and SAT 2 are endemic [3,5] . In 2019, SAT1 topotype X was reported for the first time in bovine epithelial tissues from North Cameroon [6,7] . Indeed, serological epidemiological studies have established the occurrence of five serotypes-O, A, SAT1, SAT 2, SAT 3 [8,9] .…”