Genome sequence variation among isolates of monkey B virus ( Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1) from captive macaques

Abstract

Complete genome sequences of 19 strains of monkey B virus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1; BV) isolated from several macaque species were determined. A low level of sequence variation was present among BV isolates from rhesus macaques. Most variation among BV strains isolated from rhesus macaques was located in regions of repetitive or quasi-repetitive sequence. Variation in coding sequences (polypeptides and miRNAs) was minor compared to regions of non-coding sequences. Non-coding sequences in the long and short repeat regions of the genome did however exhibit islands of conserved sequence. Oral and genital isolates from a single monkey were identical in sequence and varied only in the number of iterations of repeat units in several areas of repeats. Sequence variation between BV isolates from different macaque species (different BV genotypes) was much greater and was spread across the entire genome, confirming the existence of different genotypes of BV in different macaque species.

Macacine Herpesvirus 1 Antibody Prevalence and DNA Shedding among Invasive Rhesus Macaques, Silver Springs State Park, Florida, USA

“…MG266707) shared 100% identity with 9 previously sequenced isolates collected from captive NHPs (rhesus macaques and a Japanese macaque [ M. fuscata ]) and an isolate originating from primate kidney cells (Figure). The coding sequences obtained from all 3 samples were highly similar (98.3%–100%) to sequences generated from laboratory strains of McHV-1 originating from captive rhesus macaques ( 29 ). …”

“…KY628985), isolated from a captive bonnet macaque ( M. radiata ), and strain 16293 (GenBank accession no. KY628972; Figure), isolated from a captive rhesus macaque ( 29 ). The US5 sequence generated from the third positive swab specimen differed at a single nucleotide, which resulted in an amino acid change from aspartic acid to glycine at position 28 (nt 84) of the coding region of the gJ gene.…”

Genomic Nucleotide-Based Distance Analysis for Delimiting Old World Monkey Derived Herpes Simplex Virus Species.

“…These captive transmissions, especially between macaque species can complicate phylogenetic analysis. In particular, cross-species transmission appears to be fairly common among the core herpes B strains, and has been discussed previously in depth by Eberle et al [12]. In some of the herpes B strains, the original source of the virus appears to be unclear.…”

“…Pathogenicity is one determinative method in which there appears to be a difference between the Pig and Lion-tailed macaque viruses and the remaining herpes B strains. Studies performed by Eberle et al examining the lethal dose (LD 50 ) of the sequenced herpes B strains in mice showed that the Pig and Lion-tailed macaque simplex viruses had different lethality phenotypes compared to the remaining herpes B strains [12]. Importantly, the LD 50 values for the Pig and Lion-tailed viruses were >10 7 PFU, while the average for the remaining herpes B strains was approximately 10 4 PFU.…”

“…Herpes B has an approximately 156,400 bp genome, a high GC content of 74.5%, and has been shown to be closely related to papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (HVP-2; herpes papio) and cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 2 (SA8). With the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) the genomes of 19 herpes B isolates have been sequenced [12][13][14]. The sequenced strains were isolated from six macaque species; Macaca (M.) fascularis (Crab-eating; Cynomologous; Cyno), M. fuscata (Japanese), M. mulatta (Rhesus), M. nemestrina (Pig-tailed), M. radiata (Bonnet), and M. silenus (Liontailed).…”