Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58

Mojica, Sergio; Creasy, Heather Huot; Daugherty, Sean C.; Read, Timothy D.; Kim, Teayoun; Kaltenboeck, Bernhard; Bavoil, Patrik M.; Myers, Garry

doi:10.1128/jb.00454-11

Cited by 37 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We have noted the presence of a ytgC-ytgR gene fusion in the genomes of all sequenced Chlamydia spp. (4,17,23,30,38,39,45,50). We also predict that several other bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, encode a similar YtgCYtgR fusion protein since they also contain ytgC-ytgR gene .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A similar YtgC-YtgR fusion is predicted for all eight Chlamydia spp. whose genomes have been sequenced (4,17,23,30,38,39,45,50), as well as a Chlamydialike endosymbiont of amoeba called Protochlamydia amoebophila (22). Thus, the apparent fusion of C. trachomatis ytgC and ytgR cannot be explained by an isolated sequencing error that artifactually placed the ytgR coding sequence in frame with ytgC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An eighth predicted chlamydial transcription factor, CtcC, is a putative activator of 54 RNA polymerase, but its function has not been verified in the absence of a chlamydial 54 -dependent transcription assay (24). Even though the actual number of transcription factors in Chlamydia is likely to be low, we hypothesize that additional transcription factors remain to be identified because of limitations in the methods used to annotate the sequenced Chlamydia genomes (4,17,23,30,38,39,45,50). The primary method for gene identification has been to perform an individual BLAST search for each predicted amino acid sequence to identify its best match to known bacterial proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification and Functional Analysis of CT069 as a Novel Transcriptional Regulator in Chlamydia

et al. 2011

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Only a small number of transcription factors have been predicted in Chlamydia spp., which are obligate intracellular bacteria that include a number of important human pathogens. We used a bioinformatics strategy to identify novel transcriptional regulators from the Chlamydia trachomatis genome by predicting proteins with the general structure and characteristic functional domains of a bacterial transcription factor. With this approach, we identified CT069 as a candidate transcription factor with sequence similarity at its C terminus to Treponema pallidum TroR. Like TroR, the gene for CT069 belongs to an operon that encodes components of a putative ABC transporter for importing divalent metal cations. However, CT069 has been annotated as YtgC because of sequence similarity at its N terminus to TroC, a transmembrane component of this metal ion transporter. Instead, CT069 appears to be a fusion protein composed of YtgC and a TroR ortholog that we have called YtgR. Although it has not been previously reported, a similar YtgC-YtgR fusion protein is predicted to be encoded by other Chlamydia spp. and several other bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis. We show that recombinant YtgR polypeptide bound specifically to an operator sequence upstream of the ytg operon and that binding was enhanced by Zn 2؉ . We also demonstrate that YtgR repressed transcription from the ytg promoter in a heterologous in vivo reporter assay. These results provide evidence that CT069 is a negative regulator of the ytg operon, which encodes a putative metal ion transporter in C. trachomatis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Functional Analysis of CT069 as a Novel Transcriptional Regulator in Chlamydia

et al. 2011

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“…For the genes oppA and fumC, new primer pairs were designed using a combination of an existing modified degenerate primer (30) and a new primer. For the genes hflX, gidA, and hemN, new pairs of primers were used, which were designed based on the C. pecorum E58 bovine genome sequence (23). Using purified C. pecorum genomic DNA as a template, conventional PCR was successfully used to amplify a fragment of each of the HK genes of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent completion of the first C. pecorum genome sequence (23) has allowed us to revisit the relationship between C. pecorum infections in koalas and Australian livestock. Using novel molecular markers (tarP in addition to open reading frame 663 [ORF663], incA, and ompA), the findings of Marsh et al (24) strengthened previous observations that koala C. pecorum strains are genetically diverse (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Multilocus Sequence Analysis Provides Insights into Molecular Epidemiology of Chlamydia pecorum Infections in Australian Sheep, Cattle, and Koalas

et al. 2013

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Chlamydia pecorum is a significant pathogen of domestic livestock and wildlife. We have developed a C. pecorum-specific multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme to examine the genetic diversity of and relationships between Australian sheep, cattle, and koala isolates. An MLSA of seven concatenated housekeeping gene fragments was performed using 35 isolates, including 18 livestock isolates (11 Australian sheep, one Australian cow, and six U.S. livestock isolates) and 17 Australian koala isolates. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the koala isolates formed a distinct clade, with limited clustering with C. pecorum isolates from Australian sheep. We identified 11 MLSA sequence types (STs) among Australian C. pecorum isolates, 10 of them novel, with koala and sheep sharing at least one identical ST (designated ST2013Aa). ST23, previously identified in global C. pecorum livestock isolates, was observed here in a subset of Australian bovine and sheep isolates. Most notably, ST23 was found in association with multiple disease states and hosts, providing insights into the transmission of this pathogen between livestock hosts. The complexity of the epidemiology of this disease was further highlighted by the observation that at least two examples of sheep were infected with different C. pecorum STs in the eyes and gastrointestinal tract. We have demonstrated the feasibility of our MLSA scheme for understanding the host relationship that exists between Australian C. pecorum strains and provide the first molecular epidemiological data on infections in Australian livestock hosts.

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Advances and Obstacles in the Genetic Dissection of Chlamydial Virulence

Brothwell

Muramatsu

Zhong

et al. 2017

Biology of Chlamydia

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Obligate intracellular pathogens in the family Chlamydiaceae infect taxonomically diverse eukaryotes ranging from amoebae to mammals. However, many fundamental aspects of chlamydial cell biology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Genetic dissection of chlamydial biology has historically been hampered by a lack of genetic tools. Exploitation of the ability of chlamydia to recombine genomic material by lateral gene transfer (LGT) ushered in a new era in chlamydia research. With methods to map mutations in place, genetic screens were able to assign functions and phenotypes to specific chlamydial genes. Development of an approach for stable transformation of chlamydia also provided a mechanism for gene delivery and platforms for disrupting chromosomal genes. Here, we explore how these and other tools have been used to test hypotheses concerning the functions of known chlamydial virulence factors and discover the functions of completely uncharacterized genes. Refinement and extension of the existing genetic tools to additional Chlamydia spp. will substantially advance understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of this important group of pathogens.

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Genome Sequence of the Obligate Intracellular Animal Pathogen Chlamydia pecorum E58

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Identification and Functional Analysis of CT069 as a Novel Transcriptional Regulator in Chlamydia

Identification and Functional Analysis of CT069 as a Novel Transcriptional Regulator in Chlamydia

Multilocus Sequence Analysis Provides Insights into Molecular Epidemiology of Chlamydia pecorum Infections in Australian Sheep, Cattle, and Koalas

Advances and Obstacles in the Genetic Dissection of Chlamydial Virulence

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