Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Type 2 from India: Evidence for Reassortment between Outer Capsid Protein Genes

Maan, Sushila; Maan, Narender S.; Belaganahalli, Manjunatha N.; Kumar, Aman; Batra, Kanisht; Rao, P P; Hemadri, D.; Reddy, Y. N.; Putty, Kalyani; Krishnajyothi, Y.; Reddy, Gopal; Hegde, Nagendra R.; Nomikou, Kyriaki; Sreenivasulu, D.; Mertens, Peter P. C.

doi:10.1128/genomea.00045-15

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…The Seg-2/VP2 (belong to eastern BTV-2 strains) and Seg-6/VP5 (Indian BTV-1 strains) showed close similarity with eastern topotype, indicating reassortment between its outer-capsid (VP2 and VP5) proteins (Maan et al. 2015 ). Sequencing of BTV-3 (isolated from 2003) showed nine genome segments belong to eastern topotype [Seg-2 and Seg-6 showed similarity with Japanese (eastern) isolates of BTV-3] and Seg-5 belong to western topotype, indicating incursion of western BTV strains.…”

Section: Btv Scenario In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Saminathan

Singh

Khorajiya

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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Bluetongue (BT) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. BT is caused by BT virus (BTV) and it belongs to the genus Orbivirus and family Reoviridae. BTV is transmitted by Culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. BT is a World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-economic losses. To date, 28 serotypes of BTV have been reported worldwide and 23 serotypes have been reported from India. Transplacental transmission (TPT) and fetal abnormalities in ruminants had been reported with cell culture adopted live-attenuated vaccine strains of BTV. However, emergence of BTV-8 in Europe during 2006, confirmed TPT of wild-type/field strains of BTV. Diagnosis of BT is more important for control of disease and to ensure BTV-free trade of animals and their products. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, agar gel immunodiffusion assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are found to be sensitive and OIE recommended tests for diagnosis of BTV for international trade. Control measures include mass vaccination (most effective method), serological and entomological surveillance, forming restriction zones and sentinel programs. Major hindrances with control of BT in India are the presence of multiple BTV serotypes, high density of ruminant and vector populations. A pentavalent inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine is administered currently in India to control BT. Recombinant vaccines with DIVA strategies are urgently needed to combat this disease. This review is the first to summarise the seroprevalence of BTV in India for 40 years, economic impact and pathobiology.

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Section: Btv Scenario In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

Saminathan

Singh

Khorajiya

et al. 2020

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…The multiple sequence alignment for each respective serotype revealed amino acid and nucleotide variations. The VP2 region is highly variable, and there were reports suggesting high level of variations in nucleotide and amino acid sequences within the serotype and in between BTV serotypes [26, 27, 30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VP2 Gene-Based Molecular Evolutionary Patterns of Major Circulating Bluetongue Virus Serotypes Isolated during 2014–2018 from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh States of India

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Bluetongue disease is an economically important viral disease of livestock caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) having multiple serotypes. It belongs to the genus Orbivirus of family Reoviridae and subfamily Sedoreovirinae. The genome of BTV is 10 segmented dsRNA that codes for 7 structural and 4 nonstructural proteins, of which VP2 was reported to be serotype-specific and a major antigenic determinant. Objective: It is important to know the circulating serotypes in a particular geographical location for effective control of the disease. The present study unravels the molecular evolution of the circulating BTV serotypes during 2014–2018 in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states of India. Methods: Multiple sequence alignment with available BTV serotypes in GenBank and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the partial VP2 sequences of major circulating BTV serotypes during the study period. Results: The multiple sequence alignment of circulating serotypes with respective reference isolates revealed variations in antigenic VP2. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the major circulating serotypes were grouped into eastern topotypes (BTV-1, BTV-2, BTV-4, and BTV-16) and Western topotypes (BTV-5, BTV-12, and BTV-24). Conclusion: Our study strengthens the need for development of an effective vaccine, which can induce the immune response for a range of serotypes within and in between topotypes.

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“…Départements located in the main BTV-1 infected area in 2007-2008 (South-West France) were excluded to remove potential effects of past BTV-1 circulation on the antibody response of cattle to BTV-8, although a cross-immunity between these two serotypes is not expected [ 33 ]. In other départements we considered that BTV-1 circulation in 2007-2010 was too small to have a big influence on the response of BTV-8 antibodies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of French cattle herd immunity against bluetongue serotype 8 at the time of its re-emergence in 2015

et al. 2018

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BackgroundFrom 2006 to 2010, France experienced two bluetongue epidemics caused by serotype 1 (BTV-1) and 8 (BTV-8) which were controlled by mass vaccination campaigns. After five years without any detected cases, a sick ram was confirmed in August 2015 to be infected by a BTV-8 strain almost identical to that circulating during the previous outbreak. By then, part of the French cattle population was expected to be still protected, since bluetongue antibodies are known to last for many years after natural infection or vaccination. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of cattle in France still immune to BTV-8 at the time of its re-emergence in 2015.ResultsWe used BTV group-specific cELISA results from 8525 cattle born before the vaccination ban in 2013 and 15,799 cattle born after the ban. Samples were collected from January to April 2016 to estimate seroprevalence per birth cohort. The overall seroprevalence in cattle at national and local levels was extrapolated from seroprevalence results per birth cohort and their respective proportion at each level. To indirectly assess pre-immune status of birth cohorts, we computed prevalence per birth cohort on infected farms in autumn 2015 using 1377 RT-PCR results. These revealed limited BTV circulation in 2015. Seroprevalence per birth cohort was likely to be connected to past exposure to natural infection and/or vaccination with higher seroprevalence levels in older animals. A seroprevalence of 95% was observed for animals born before 2008, of which > 90% were exposed to two compulsory vaccination campaigns in 2008-2010. None of the animals born before 2008 were found to be infected, unlike 19% of the young cattle which had never been vaccinated. This suggests that most ELISA-positive animals were pre-immune to BTV-8. We estimated that 18% (from 12% to 32% per département) of the French cattle population was probably pre-immune in 2015.ConclusionsThese results strongly suggest a persistence of antibodies for at least 5-6 years after natural infection or vaccination. The herd immunity of the French cattle population probably limited BTV circulation up to 2015, by which time more than 80% of cattle were naive.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1388-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Type 2 from India: Evidence for Reassortment between Outer Capsid Protein Genes

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India

VP2 Gene-Based Molecular Evolutionary Patterns of Major Circulating Bluetongue Virus Serotypes Isolated during 2014–2018 from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh States of India

Estimation of French cattle herd immunity against bluetongue serotype 8 at the time of its re-emergence in 2015

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