Genome-Scale Protein Microarray Comparison of Human Antibody Responses in Plasmodium vivax Relapse and Reinfection

Abstract

Abstract. Large scale antibody responses in Plasmodium vivax malaria remains unexplored in the endemic setting. Protein microarray analysis of asexual-stage P. vivax was used to identify antigens recognized in sera from residents of hypoendemic Peruvian Amazon. Over 24 months, of 106 participants, 91 had two symptomatic P. vivax malaria episodes, 11 had three episodes, 3 had four episodes, and 1 had five episodes. Plasmodium vivax relapse was distinguished from reinfection by a merozoite surface protein-3α restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (MSP3α PCR-RFLP) assay. Notably, P. vivax reinfection subjects did not have higher reactivity to the entire set of recognized P. vivax blood-stage antigens than relapse subjects, regardless of the number of malaria episodes. The most highly recognized P. vivax proteins were MSP 4, 7, 8, and 10

Evolutionary history of humanPlasmodium vivaxrevealed by genome-wide analyses of related ape parasites

“…The discrepancy in overall NI values for ape versus human P. vivax strains indicates that MK tests are likely to produce different results depending on which P. vivax strains are used. For the chimpanzee P. vivax strains, only two genes yielded significant results after correction for multiple testing ( P < 0.05), both with NI <1 indicating a significant excess of fixed, potentially adaptive, nonsynonymous differences: one was found to be orthologous to PVP01_1201800, which is an immunogenic member of the tryptophan-rich antigen family of P. vivax ( 27 , 28 ), and the other (orthologous to PVP01_1406200) encodes a conserved Plasmodium protein of unknown function. For the human P. vivax strains, five genes yielded significant MK test results, but all with NI >1, indicating an excess of nonsynonymous polymorphisms ( Dataset S1 ).…”

Characterization of P. vivax blood stage transcriptomes from field isolates reveals similarities among infections and complex gene isoforms

“…Development of protein microarrays enabled comprehensive assessments of the antibody responses to P. vivax proteins. For example, a recent study identified 280 highly reactive P. vivax peptides in sera from residents of hypoendemic Peruvian Amazon 24 . These reactive antigens were significantly enriched in genes highly expressed in the patient infections: for example, among the 100 genes most expressed by P. vivax blood stage parasites, we observed four times as many reactive antigens as what we would expect solely by chance (Supplemental Figure 7 ).…”

Antibody profiles to plasmodium merozoite surface protein-1 in Cambodian adults during an active surveillance cohort with nested treatment study

“…As reported elsewhere, it is likely that the majority of P. vivax infections represented relapses [ 27 ], and this would suggest that relapsing infection does not stimulate a significant rise in humoral response. A recent publication by Chuquiyauri et al [ 28 ] analysed antibody responses to P. vivax antigens by microarray in Peruvian patients with P. vivax mono-infection and found that both height and breadth of responses were not different in those who were determined to have relapse versus P. vivax re-infection. Moreover, boosting may not be seen due to longer half-lives of MSP1 titers in low to medium transmission areas.…”