Genome‐scale phylogeography resolves the native population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)

Abstract

Human‐assisted movement has allowed the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky)) to spread beyond its native range and become a globally regulated invasive pest. Within its native range of China and the Korean peninsula, human‐mediated dispersal has also caused cryptic translocation of insects, resulting in population structure complexity. Previous studies used genetic methods to detangle this complexity but were unable to clearly delimit native populations which is needed to develop downstream biosurveillance tools. We used genome‐wide markers to define historical population structure in native ALB populations and contemporary movement between regions. We used genotyping‐by‐sequencing to generate 6102 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and amplicon sequencing to genotype 53 microsatellites. In total, we genotyped 712 individuals from ALB’s native distribution. We observed six distinct population clusters among native ALB populations, with a clear delineation between northern and southern groups. Most of the individuals from South Korea were distinct from populations in China. Our results also indicate historical divergence among populations and suggest limited large‐scale admixture, but we did identify a restricted number of cases of contemporary movement between regions. We identified SNPs under selection and describe a clinal allele frequency pattern in a missense variant associated with glycerol kinase, an important enzyme in the utilization of an insect cryoprotectant. We further demonstrate that small numbers of SNPs can assign individuals to geographic regions with high probability, paving the way for novel ALB biosurveillance tools.

Development of Nuclear DNA Markers for Applications in Genetic Diversity Study of Oil Palm-Pollinating Weevil Populations

“…Hence, the inclusion of a wider collection of native populations is recommended. For example, in the SNP discovery to study the population structure of the Asian longhorned beetle, the longhorned beetle samples from a wide coverage area in China and Korea were used [ 54 ].…”

Current and future control of the wood‐boring pest Anoplophora glabripennis

“…Most ALB beetles fly up to ∼30 m at a time, and the dispersal distance of the first generation is generally less than 200 m if hosts are continuously distributed (He & Huang, 1993). In China, ALB is recorded throughout most of the country, except Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao (Li et al, 2020a;Cui et al, 2022). ALB has caused extensive damage since the 1980s, especially north of the Yangtze River.…”

“…, 2020a; Cui et al. , 2022). ALB has caused extensive damage since the 1980s, especially north of the Yangtze River.…”

Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?—The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora chinensis, and putative hybrids

“…In the amplification step, we used 5 µL of eluted DNA in each PCR, 10 µL of 5 × Q5 buffer, 10 µL of Q5 enhancer solution, 1 µL of 10 mmol/L dNTP, 0.3 µL of 10 µmol/L Iron Forward PCR Primer, 0.3 µL of 10 µmol/L Iron Reverse PCR Primer, 0.5 µL of Q5 High-fidelity polymerase, and 22.9 µL of H 2 O. Our PCR amplification was performed using an initial denaturation step at 75 °C for 5 min, followed by 5 cycles at 98 °C for 10 s, 55 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 30 s; 7 cycles at 98 °C for 10 s, 65 °C for 30 s, and 72 °C for 30 s; and a final elongation step at 72 °C for 5 min, and subsequently held at 4 °C (Abed et al, 2019;Cui et al, 2022).…”