Genome of a Gut Strain of Bacillus subtilis

Schyns, Ghislain; Serra, Cláudia R.; Lapointe, Thomas; Pereira-Leal, José B.; Potot, Sébastien; Fickers, Patrick; Perkins, John B.; Wyss, Markus; Henriques, Adriano O.

doi:10.1128/genomea.00184-12

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…We also showed that Spo0A was more active in BSP1 cells. M-CGH studies as well as PCR suggested that the operons coding for the RapE, RapI, and RapK phosphatases are absent from BSP1, and the recent sequencing of the BSP1 genome confirms this inference (59). The absence of RapE, RapI, and RapK appears to be the primary cause of the increased sporulation of BSP1, because reintroduction of combinations of the missing rap-phr operons into BSP1 lowers the levels of Spo0AϳP, the fraction of cells expressing high-threshold Spo0A-dependent genes, and the titer of spores during the initial hours of the stationary phase in DSM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Sporulation during Growth in a Gut Isolate of Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2014

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Sporulation by Bacillus subtilis is a cell density-dependent response to nutrient deprivation. Central to the decision of entering sporulation is a phosphorelay, through which sensor kinases promote phosphorylation of Spo0A. The phosphorelay integrates both positive and negative signals, ensuring that sporulation, a time-and energy-consuming process that may bring an ecological cost, is only triggered should other adaptations fail. Here we report that a gastrointestinal isolate of B. subtilis sporulates with high efficiency during growth, bypassing the cell density, nutritional, and other signals that normally make sporulation a post-exponential-phase response. Sporulation during growth occurs because Spo0A is more active per cell and in a higher fraction of the population than in a laboratory strain. This in turn, is primarily caused by the absence from the gut strain of the genes rapE and rapK, coding for two aspartyl phosphatases that negatively modulate the flow of phosphoryl groups to Spo0A. We show, in line with recent results, that activation of Spo0A through the phosphorelay is the limiting step for sporulation initiation in the gut strain. Our results further suggest that the phosphorelay is tuned to favor sporulation during growth in gastrointestinal B. subtilis isolates, presumably as a form of survival and/or propagation in the gut environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Sporulation during Growth in a Gut Isolate of Bacillus subtilis

et al. 2014

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“…Bacillus subtilis can survive and reproduce in the murine gut (Hoa et al ., ; Tam et al ., ), and in the case of PXN21, this strain has been shown to persist in the GI tract of mice for 18 days following a single oral dose of spores (Permpoonpattana et al ., ). Although often considered a soil‐based organism, it is likely that B. subtilis has adapted for at least transient colonisation of the animal GI tract (Hong et al ., ; Schyns et al ., ). Reduced success of predosing could therefore be due to individual variation in animals in terms of successful colonisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use ofBacillus subtilisPXN21 spores for suppression ofClostridium difficileinfection symptoms in a murine model

Colenutt

Cutting

2014

FEMS Microbiol Lett

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Clostridium difficile is the primary cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in healthcare centres of the developed world. Only a few antibiotics are available for treatment, and relapses are common in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. New approaches are required to reduce reliance on antibiotics, the use of which represents a primary risk factor for development of C. difficile infections. Supplementation of the gut flora with probiotics represents a key area for producing more successful treatment options for C. difficile infection (CDI). In this study, spores of B. subtilis have been evaluated as a potential probiotic treatment against CDI. Using a murine model of infection, we demonstrate that oral administration of B. subtilis spores can attenuate the symptoms of infection. We further show that (1) suppression of symptoms was better if spores were administered post infection, and (2) germination of the spore to a vegetative cell may be an integral part of how CDI is suppressed. The results of this study highlight the potential of this bacterium as a probiotic treatment for CDI.

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“…plantarum (UCMB5033) has been published (Niazi et al., ). The whole genome of an isolate from the gut of an organically reared broiler reported as B. subtilis has been published (Schyns et al., ). The whole genome sequences of 20 isolates reported to belong to B. anthracis , B. atrophaeus , B. cereus , B. licheniformis , B. macerans , B. megaterium , B. mycoides and B. subtilis have been published (Daligault et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA†

Ricci¹,

Allende²,

Bolton³

et al. 2017

EFS2

223

135

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EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notification for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, food enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic preassessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge are assessed. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as 'qualifications' in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. The list of QPS recommended biological agents was reviewed and updated in the current opinion and therefore becomes the valid list. The 2016 update reviews previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and viruses used for plant protection purposes following an Extensive Literature Search strategy. The taxonomic units related to the new notifications received since the 2013 QPS opinion, were periodically evaluated for a QPS status and the results published as Statements of the BIOHAZ Panel. Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus diolivorans, Microbacterium imperiale, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pediococcus parvulus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus smithii, Xanthomonas campestris and Candida cylindracea were recommended for the QPS list. All taxonomic units previously recommended for the 2013 QPS list had their status reconfirmed as well their qualifications with the exception of Pasteuria nishizawae for which the qualification was removed. The exclusion of filamentous fungi and enterococci from the QPS evaluations was reconsidered but monitoring will be maintained and the status will be re-evaluated in the next QPS Opinion update. Evaluation of bacteriophages should remain as a case-by-case procedure and should not be considered for QPS status. Acknowledgements: The BIOHAZ Panel wishes to thank the EFSA staff member: Mirena Ivanova for the support provided to this scientific output.

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Genome of a Gut Strain of Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Sporulation during Growth in a Gut Isolate of Bacillus subtilis

Sporulation during Growth in a Gut Isolate of Bacillus subtilis

Use ofBacillus subtilisPXN21 spores for suppression ofClostridium difficileinfection symptoms in a murine model

Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA†

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