Genome dynamics in three different geographical isolates of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Sablok, Gaurav; Sánchez‐Paz, Arturo; Wu, Xianming; Ranjan, Jayant; Kuo, Jimmy; Bulla, Ingo

doi:10.1007/s00705-012-1395-7

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Microarrays constructed based on 184 putative ORFs of WSSV-TH confirmed expression of 79% of these ORFs in the gills of P. monodon infected with WSSV [ 54 ]. An analysis of the codons of ORFs (>100 codons) in WSSV-TW, WSSV-CN, and WSSV-TH indicated that codon usage bias and base composition are determined by compositional limitations and mutational pressure [ 55 ]. Interesting features of WSSV ORFs include one exceptionally long ORF—the longest among all viruses, specifically wssv_03600—which is 18,221 bp in the Korean isolate.…”

Section: The Wssv Genome and Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection and Perspectives on Treatments

Verbruggen

Bickley

Aerle

et al. 2016

Viruses

180

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Since its emergence in the 1990s, White Spot Disease (WSD) has had major economic and societal impact in the crustacean aquaculture sector. Over the years shrimp farming alone has experienced billion dollar losses through WSD. The disease is caused by the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), a large dsDNA virus and the only member of the Nimaviridae family. Susceptibility to WSSV in a wide range of crustacean hosts makes it a major risk factor in the translocation of live animals and in commodity products. Currently there are no effective treatments for this disease. Understanding the molecular basis of disease processes has contributed significantly to the treatment of many human and animal pathogens, and with a similar aim considerable efforts have been directed towards understanding host–pathogen molecular interactions for WSD. Work on the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis in aquatic crustaceans has been restricted by a lack of sequenced and annotated genomes for host species. Nevertheless, some of the key host–pathogen interactions have been established: between viral envelope proteins and host cell receptors at initiation of infection, involvement of various immune system pathways in response to WSSV, and the roles of various host and virus miRNAs in mitigation or progression of disease. Despite these advances, many fundamental knowledge gaps remain; for example, the roles of the majority of WSSV proteins are still unknown. In this review we assess current knowledge of how WSSV infects and replicates in its host, and critique strategies for WSD treatment.

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Section: The Wssv Genome and Mirnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection and Perspectives on Treatments

Verbruggen

Bickley

Aerle

et al. 2016

Viruses

180

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“…Several works have addressed the epidemiology and contemporary evolutionary trends of WSSV (14)(15)(16); however, we know little about the ancient history of WSSV, because we have few nimavirus genomes available for comparative analyses. Interestingly, some decapod crustaceans have been shown to harbor fossilized nimaviruses in their genomes (17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

Crustacean Genome Exploration Reveals the Evolutionary Origin of White Spot Syndrome Virus

Kawato

Shitara

Wang

et al. 2019

J Virol

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White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a crustacean-infecting, double-stranded DNA virus and is the most serious viral pathogen in the global shrimp industry. WSSV is the sole recognized member of the family Nimaviridae, and the lack of genomic data on other nimaviruses has obscured the evolutionary history of WSSV. Here, we investigated the evolutionary history of WSSV by characterizing WSSV relatives hidden in host genomic data. We surveyed 14 host crustacean genomes and identified five novel nimaviral genomes. Comparative genomic analysis of Nimaviridae identified 28 “core genes” that are ubiquitously conserved in Nimaviridae; unexpected conservation of 13 uncharacterized proteins highlighted yet-unknown essential functions underlying the nimavirus replication cycle. The ancestral Nimaviridae gene set contained five baculoviral per os infectivity factor homologs and a sulfhydryl oxidase homolog, suggesting a shared phylogenetic origin of Nimaviridae and insect-associated double-stranded DNA viruses. Moreover, we show that novel gene acquisition and subsequent amplification reinforced the unique accessory gene repertoire of WSSV. Expansion of unique envelope protein and nonstructural virulence-associated genes may have been the key genomic event that made WSSV such a deadly pathogen. IMPORTANCE WSSV is the deadliest viral pathogen threatening global shrimp aquaculture. The evolutionary history of WSSV has remained a mystery, because few WSSV relatives, or nimaviruses, had been reported. Our aim was to trace the history of WSSV using the genomes of novel nimaviruses hidden in host genome data. We demonstrate that WSSV emerged from a diverse family of crustacean-infecting large DNA viruses. By comparing the genomes of WSSV and its relatives, we show that WSSV possesses an expanded set of unique host-virus interaction-related genes. This extensive gene gain may have been the key genomic event that made WSSV such a deadly pathogen. Moreover, conservation of insect-infecting virus protein homologs suggests a common phylogenetic origin of crustacean-infecting Nimaviridae and other insect-infecting DNA viruses. Our work redefines the previously poorly characterized crustacean virus family and reveals the ancient genomic events that preordained the emergence of a devastating shrimp pathogen.

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“…However, its sustainability has been at risk in the last decade due to the low production yields triggered by viral outbreaks ( 1 ). Presently, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most devastating shrimp viral pathogen worldwide, causing mortality of up to 100% of farm production within 2 to 10 days ( 2 ). Classified under a new genus, Whispovirus , in the family Nimaviridae ( 3 ), WSSV is extremely virulent and has a wide host tissue tropism ( 4 ).…”

Section: Genome Announcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Draft Genome Sequence of White Spot Syndrome Virus Isolated from Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei in Mexico

et al. 2016

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Genome dynamics in three different geographical isolates of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Molecular Mechanisms of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection and Perspectives on Treatments

Molecular Mechanisms of White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection and Perspectives on Treatments

Crustacean Genome Exploration Reveals the Evolutionary Origin of White Spot Syndrome Virus

Draft Genome Sequence of White Spot Syndrome Virus Isolated from Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei in Mexico

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