Genome diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Young, J. Peter W.

doi:10.1016/j.pbi.2015.06.005

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…). Notably, R. irregularis isolate DAOM197198 has been long in culture, and its somewhat lower genomic divergence has been suggested to stem from long‐term subculturing (Young ). Similarly, G. margarita isolate BEG34 has been longer in culture than G. margarita isolate BEG152, and the latter exhibited greater variability in MED values than the former in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence variation in nuclear ribosomal small subunit, internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora margarita is high and isolate‐dependent

et al. 2016

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to exhibit high intra-organism genetic variation. However, information about intra- vs. interspecific variation among the genes commonly used in diversity surveys is limited. Here, the nuclear small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene portions were sequenced from 3 to 5 individual spores from each of two isolates of Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora margarita. A total of 1482 Sanger sequences (0.5 Mb) from 239 clones were obtained, spanning ~4370 bp of the ribosomal operon when concatenated. Intrasporal and intra-isolate sequence variation was high for all three regions even though variant numbers were not exhausted by sequencing 12-40 clones per isolate. Intra-isolate nucleotide variation levels followed the expected order of ITS > LSU > SSU, but the values were strongly dependent on isolate identity. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) densities over 4 SNP/kb in the ribosomal operon were detected in all four isolates. Automated operational taxonomic unit picking within the sequence set of known identity overestimated species richness with almost all cut-off levels, markers and isolates. Average intraspecific sequence similarity values were 99%, 96% and 94% for amplicons in SSU, LSU and ITS, respectively. The suitability of the central part of the SSU as a marker for AM fungal community surveys was further supported by its level of nucleotide variation, which is similar to that of the ITS region; its alignability across the entire phylum; its appropriate length for next-generation sequencing; and its ease of amplification in single-step PCR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Pawlowska & Taylor ; Boon et al . ; Young ). The release of genomic sequences from isolated nuclei of Rhizophagus irregularis (Lin et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence variation in nuclear ribosomal small subunit, internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora margarita is high and isolate‐dependent

et al. 2016

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“…As presumed asexual organisms [ 21 ], arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) pose a conundrum as to how they have escaped the accumulation of deleterious mutations and thrived over such long evolutionary time scales. It remains controversial as to whether AMF, ubiquitous plant root symbionts whose spores are multinucleate [ 22 ], are homokaryotic or heterokaryons formed through hyphal fusion [ 23 , 24 ]. However, research suggest that selective forces acting among nuclei and the mechanisms of spore biogenesis involved in sorting of nuclei into spores may serve to buffer against mutational load [ 22 ].…”

Section: Heterokaryons and Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two genomes are better than one: history, genetics, and biotechnological applications of fungal heterokaryons

Strom

Bushley

2016

Fungal Biol Biotechnol

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Heterokaryosis is an integral part of the parasexual cycle used by predominantly asexual fungi to introduce and maintain genetic variation in populations. Research into fungal heterokaryons began in 1912 and continues to the present day. Heterokaryosis may play a role in the ability of fungi to respond to their environment, including the adaptation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to different plant hosts. The parasexual cycle has enabled advances in fungal genetics, including gene mapping and tests of complementation, dominance, and vegetative compatibility in predominantly asexual fungi. Knowledge of vegetative compatibility groups has facilitated population genetic studies and enabled the design of innovative methods of biocontrol. The vegetative incompatibility response has the potential to be used as a model system to study biological aspects of some human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. By combining distinct traits through the formation of artificial heterokaryons, fungal strains with superior properties for antibiotic and enzyme production, fermentation, biocontrol, and bioremediation have been produced. Future biotechnological applications may include site-specific biocontrol or bioremediation and the production of novel pharmaceuticals.

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“…Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can play a role in reducing soil erosion. Hyphal of mycorrhizal fungi that combine with plant roots play a role in retaining ground flow so that soil loss can be reduced [11], [13], [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Mycorrhizal Glomus sp 3 with P Fertilizer to Increase Rice Production of SRI Method and Intensified Soil Nutrient Content

Elita¹,

Susila²,

Yefriwati³

2020

Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Multidisciplinary and Applications (WMA) 2018, 24-25 January 2018, Padang

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Genome diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Sequence variation in nuclear ribosomal small subunit, internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora margarita is high and isolate‐dependent

Sequence variation in nuclear ribosomal small subunit, internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of Rhizophagus irregularis and Gigaspora margarita is high and isolate‐dependent

Two genomes are better than one: history, genetics, and biotechnological applications of fungal heterokaryons

Application Mycorrhizal Glomus sp 3 with P Fertilizer to Increase Rice Production of SRI Method and Intensified Soil Nutrient Content

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