Genome-Based Epidemiologic Analysis of VIM/IMP Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacter spp., Poland

Abstract

We sequenced all nonduplicate 934 VIM/IMP carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) reported in Poland during 2006–2019 and found ≈40% of the isolates (n = 375) were Enterobacter spp. During the study period, incidence of those bacteria gradually grew in nearly the entire country. The major factor affecting the increase was clonal spread of several E. hormaechei lineages responsible for multiregional and interregional outbreaks (≈64% of all isolates), representing mainly the pandemic sequence type (ST) 90 or the internationally rare ST89 and ST121 clones. Three main VIM-encoding integron types efficiently disseminated across the clone variants (subclones) with various molecular platforms. Those variants were predominantly Pseudomonas aeruginosa –derived In238-like elements, present with IncHI2+HI2A, IncFII+FIA, IncFIB, or IncN3 plasmids, or chromosomal genomic islands in 30 Enterobacter STs. Another prevalent type, found in 34 STs, were In916-like elements, spreading in Europe recently with a lineage of IncA-like plasmids.

Identification and Genomic Analyses of a Multidrug Resistant Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Coharboring mcr-1, blaTEM-176 and blaCTX-M-14 Genes

“…Importantly, mcr-1 coexisted with other 14 ARGs in IncHI2 plasmid. IncHI2 plasmids play an important role in the dissemination of ARGs conferring resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, quinolones, macrolides, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline among Gram-negative bacteria as our research shows [34]. These ARGs can further exacerbate the spread of colistinresistant isolates among animals, humans, and environments [35].…”

Whole-Genome Analysis of Extensively Drug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Isolated from a Patient with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

“…In Franconia, a province of Bavaria, a series of five cases of blood infections caused by E. hormaechei were described. These were identified in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of a university hospital and led to the death of three patients [ 42 ], while in Brazil, there is only one report in the literature of the occurrence of the E hormaechei ST90 clonal strain being isolated from soil [ 43 ]. Other studies report only cases of blood infection in neonates, in three NICU, with a complete cure being the outcome [ 44 ].…”

ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance

“…The high risk of carbapenemase-producing ST171 and ST116 E. xiangfangensis , and the bla NDM -harbouring IncX3-type plasmid were detected and emphasized in China [ 180 ]. Furthermore, globally distributed strains, such as ST90, ST93, and ST114 E. xiangfangensis , and ST78 E. hoffmannii , are associated with multiple carbapenemases (VIM, NDM, KPC, and OXA-48) [ 181 ]. ECC is conventionally regarded as a low-virulence pathogen.…”