Genocide in Australia

Tatz, Colin

doi:10.1080/14623529908413964

Cited by 53 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In South Africa, the militarism and unwillingness to compromise that is evident for instance in the writings of Lord Garnet Wolseley during the Zulu Wars is in stark contrast to the strategies the British followed in India (Gump 1996;Lieven 1999). Indeed, Lieven's description of the uncompromising 'total war' the British waged against the Zulus and their economy has elements of similarity with the German genocide of the Herrero people in neighbouring south-west Africa (Lieven 1999: 631) In Australia there is an explicit discourse of genocide to describe what happened to the aboriginal population (Tatz 1999;Moses 2000). Violence against aboriginal peoples in Australia was directly related to settler demand for land and the need to clear the land of the huntergatherer aborigines.…”

Section: Figure 6 Governance Characteristics Of Growth Economiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Governance and Growth: History, Ideology, and Methods of Proof

Khan¹

2011

Good Growth and Governance in AfricaRethinking Development Strategies

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There is a broad consensus that sustaining growth in poor countries is a challenge not only because the right economic policies have to be identified but also because policies have to be supported by appropriate governance capabilities, which in poor countries are correspondingly weak. Weaknesses in governance have therefore received a great deal of attention in Africa and other poorly performing areas of the world. However, there is much less agreement about the specific governance capabilities that are required to trigger and sustain growth in countries at different levels of development and facing different development problems. This chapter points out ideological, methodological and historical differences in the ways that governance is understood by making a distinction between the dominant liberal approach to governance, which we call 'market-enhancing' governance (and which is generally referred to as good governance), and an alternative view of governance appropriate for developing countries which draws on the historical evidence of catching up. We describe the alternative approach as 'growth-enhancing' governance.The divide between these approaches is not just about the underlying economic theory and reading of history. Their differences touch on broader differences within economics and the social sciences about how relevant knowledge about social change and policy can be acquired and tested with data and historical knowledge. As such, the debate about governance also flags deeper differences within the social sciences that policy-makers need to be aware of. Methods of research and testing of hypotheses are not 'right' or 'wrong' because it is very difficult to disprove the validity or otherwise of broad analytical methods. Instead, we can at least make policy-makers aware of the differences between methods, the strengths and weaknesses of each, and allow them to assess the plausibility of competing explanations and their applicability and appropriateness for their particular context. Governance refers to how state and society interact. Therefore questions about governance cannot be separated from broader questions about the economic role of the state in sustaining growth. Many of the dominant views on governance reform priorities for developing countries implicitly draw on a particular view of the role of the state that is based on a view of markets as largely able on their own to allocate resources and draw forth entrepreneurial capabilities that are necessary for sustaining economic development. This view argues that the appropriate governance capabilities to ensure growth and development should be market-supporting governance capabilities to maintain a rule of law, stable property rights, control corruption and operate political institutions that ensure accountability through democratic processes.This view, which we describe as the liberal 'good governance' or 'market-enhancing' approach draws heavily on contemporary advanced capitalist countries as models for the types of governance capabilities dev...

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Section: Figure 6 Governance Characteristics Of Growth Economiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Governance and Growth: History, Ideology, and Methods of Proof

Khan¹

2011

Good Growth and Governance in AfricaRethinking Development Strategies

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“…Genocide means something like the Holocaust, which means death camps. Tatz (1999) summarizes this line of thinking thus: "Clearly there has been no Australian Auschwitz. Clearly, if there was no Auschwitz here, then no genocide occurred here" (p. 316).…”

Section: Holocaust-based Conceptions Of Genocidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although scholars, writers, and activists have addressed dozens of major genocides (Andreopoulos, 1994;Chalk and Jonassohn, 1990;Charny, 1994;Churchill, 1997;Des Forges, 1999;Fein, 1993;Gourevitch, 1998;Hovannisian, 1999;Jonassohn and Bjornson, 1998;Melson, 1998;Moses, 2000;Scherrer, 1999;Stannard, 1992;Tatz, 1999), the Holocaust is by far the most extensively researched. Even when theorists of genocide attempt to address general issues rather than the specifi cs of a particular case, they routinely take the Holocaust as central to their analysis (Lerner, 1992;Staub, 1989).…”

Section: Holocaust-based Conceptions Of Genocidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Applying a Holocaust-based concept of genocide, in particular, people identify genocides on the basis of whether an event is suffi ciently similar to the Holocaust in what they take to be relevant respects. Thus an overlapping but somewhat different set of historical events might have been seen as genocidal if our prototype, instead of the Holocaust, had been, say, the Armenian genocide of World War I (Hovannisian, 1999;Melson, 1998); the Cambodian genocide of the late 1970s (Hannum, 1989;Kiernan, 1994); the Rwandan genocide of 1994 (DesForges, 1999;Gourevitch, 1998); one of the numerous genocides associated with the European conquest of the Americas, Africa, and Australia (Chalk and Jonassohn, 1990;Churchill, 1997;Jonassohn and Bjornson, 1998;Moses, 2000;Stannard, 1992;Tatz, 1999); or any of the myriad other genocides of human history (Andreopoulos, 1994;Chalk and Jonassohn, 1990;Fein, 1993;Jonassohn and Bjornson, 1998;Scherrer, 1999).…”

Section: Holocaust-based Conceptions Of Genocidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual constraints on thinking about genocide

Moshman¹

2001

Journal of Genocide Research

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“…A violação e o rapto de mulheres indígenas eram comuns. Nos finais do século XVIII, entre 250.000 a 750.000 indígenas australianos habitavam o continente mas, em 1911, estima-se que restavam apenas 31.000 (Tatz 1999). Numa lógica de eliminação, milhares de indígenas australianos perderam a vida.…”

Section: N T R O D U ç ã Ounclassified

Ultrapassando Vedações e Resgatando Memórias

Mota

2010

CAMPOS

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A Austrália foi uma colônia britânica a partir do final do século XVIII. Os povos indígenas haviam chegado há aproximadamente 60 mil anos quando, em 1788, os primeiros colonos, majoritariamente condenados, desembarcaram no continente. Os ingleses declararam que a Austrália era terra nullius -ou seja, sem habitantes humanos -e assim justificaram a apropriação das terras indígenas e a ocupação do continente. Tomaram como suas as terras férteis e forçaram os indígenas a habitar as zonas áridas do interior. Esta primeira fase da colonização da Austrália, na qual a terra foi apropriada, foi também caracterizada pela mortalidade indígena, atribuída a quatro motivos principais: homicídios, abusos sexuais, doenças e fome (Wolfe 1999). Os séculos seguintes continuaram a assistir à saída forçada dos povos indígenas australianos do seu território, das suas terras habitáveis, a vê-los mortos a tiro, envenenados, massacrados. A violação e o rapto de mulheres indígenas eram comuns. Nos finais do século XVIII, entre 250.000 a 750.000 indígenas australianos habitavam o continente mas, em 1911, estima-se que restavam apenas 31.000 (Tatz 1999). Numa lógica de eliminação, milhares de indígenas australianos perderam a vida. Os sobreviventes a estes genocídios foram segregados em missões cristãs e reservas. E, apesar de se ter verificado um aumento considerável da população indígena australiana desde 1911 até hoje, o seu nível de vida continua significativamente mais baixo do que a média nacional, e suas condições de vida permanecem deterioradas e empobrecidas.Patrick Wolfe afirma que "o projeto da memorização nacional implicava, acima de tudo, o esquecimento do legado criminal do genocídio" (Wolfe 1999:33) . E ainda implica. A violência praticada contra os povos indígenas foi, de modo geral, suprimida nos escritos históricos Australianos do século XX, em um culto de esquecimento praticado em escala nacional. Neste texto pretende-se refletir sobre duas importantes Campos 11(2):79-94, 2010.

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Genocide in Australia

Cited by 53 publications

References 3 publications

Governance and Growth: History, Ideology, and Methods of Proof

Governance and Growth: History, Ideology, and Methods of Proof

Conceptual constraints on thinking about genocide

Ultrapassando Vedações e Resgatando Memórias

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