Genitourinary infection in diabetes

Julka, Sandeep

doi:10.4103/2230-8210.119512

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Obesity and DM have also shown a strong association [20]. A higher BMI in turn has been found to have a significant correlation with poorer outcomes [21–23]. The BMI classification in our present study was based on the WHO grading for the Asian population [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic scoring system and risk stratification in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: an 11‐year prospective study at a tertiary referral centre

et al. 2020

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Objectives To define pre‐morbid, clinical, laboratory, and imaging features and identify prognostic factors associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) and develop a prognostic scoring system for improving management outcomes. Patients and Methods From January 2009 to December 2019, we performed a prospective study of all patients with a suspected diagnosis of EPN referred to a specialist tertiary centre in South India. All patients who underwent non‐contrast computed tomography of the abdomen and those diagnosed with EPN were included in this study. Demographic parameters, imaging, haematological and microbiology results were recorded. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1, patients who survived without any intervention; Group 2, those who survived with surgical intervention; and Group 3, those who died with or without intervention. A prognostic scoring system was developed from 18 different parameters and risk stratification was developed. The scores were correlated with overall prognosis. Results Data from 131 patients with EPN enrolled in the study were analysed: Group 1 (n = 22), Group 2 (n = 102) and Group 3 (n = 7). By using univariate analysis, 10 factors were identified to be significantly associated with prognosis. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity. Shock at initial admission indicated a poor prognosis and warranted immediate attention (P < 0.001). Conclusions A multi‐disciplinary approach, a high index of clinical suspicion, an early diagnosis and administration of culture‐specific antibiotics with identification of prognostic indicators and risk stratification, allows prompt and appropriate medical and surgical treatments that could improve EPN management outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic scoring system and risk stratification in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: an 11‐year prospective study at a tertiary referral centre

et al. 2020

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“…Indeed, the highest risk ratio was found in genital diseases, which may www.nature.com/scientificreports/ be related to the high prevalence of genital diseases in women. For example, diabetic women are more likely to develop vulvovaginal and pelvic infection 26,27 , and insulin deficiency followed by poor metabolic control results in reproductive dysfunction with decreased female hormones 28 . It is accepted that edema can occur in patients treated with TZD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in adverse event reports associated with antidiabetic drugs

Joung

Jung

Park

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Little is known about gender-specific reporting of adverse events (AEs) associated with antidiabetic drugs. This study was to assess the gender-related difference in AEs reporting associated with antidiabetic agents. The number of antidiabetic drug-AE pairs associated was identified using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database. Prevalence of diabetes was estimated using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patients Sample database. Reporting rate per 10,000 people was calculated by dividing drug-AE pairs with the number of antidiabetic drug users by gender. Gender difference was presented with risk ratio (reporting rate ratio) of women to men. Antidiabetic agent-associated AEs were more frequently reported by women than men throughout body organs and drug classes. 13 out of 17 system organ class level disorders with significant gender differences were reported more often by women than men. By drug class, gender-specific reporting rates were observed in most of the drug classes, especially in newer classes such as glucagon-like peptide-1 analog (GLP1-RA), sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), and thiazolidinedione (TZD). Looking into preferred term level for each drug class, women dominated the reports of class-specific AEs of newer antidiabetic drugs such as urinary tract/genital infection (all reported by women) in SGLT2i, edema in TZD (risk ratio (RR) 12.56), and hyperglycemia in insulin users (RR 15.35). Gender differences in antidiabetic-associated AE reporting often attributed to women. Explanations for these different report levels by gender should be further investigated.

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“…Many of the studies reported till now focused on hyperglycaemia and its relation to the effects on male fertility. Hyperglycaemia can increase the risk of urino‐genital tract infections (Julka, ; Njomnang Soh et al, ), and the mechanisms that contribute to this increased risk have not received much attention, especially on the innate immune responses. Hence, we attempted to study the expression pattern of innate immune receptors ( Tlr1 ‐13 and Nod1 /2) in the male reproductive tract of diabetic rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tlr1‐13, Nod1/2 and antimicrobial gene expression in the epididymis and testis of rats with alloxan‐induced diabetes

et al. 2019

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Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and nuclear oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors along with antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are crucial for innate immunity. The pathology of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus is associated with the disrupted expression of TLRs, NODs and AMPs in the kidney, lungs and other organs. However, such a relation in the male reproductive tract is not yet investigated. In this study, we analysed the expression pattern of Tlr1‐13, Nod1/2 receptors and AMPs (β‐defensins and defensin‐like proteins of the Sperm‐Associated Antigen 11 (Spag11) family) in the male reproductive tissues (caput, cauda and testis) obtained from diabetic or insulin‐treated diabetic or untreated control rats. Alterations in the expression pattern of Tlr1‐13, Nod 1/ 2, Defb1, 2, 21, 24, 27, 30 and Spag11a/ c/ t were observed under diabetic conditions. Administration of insulin to diabetic rats could modulate the expression pattern of only some these genes. Results of our study indicate perturbed gene expression profile of Tlrs, Nod1/2, Defbs and Spag11 isoforms in the epididymis and testis of diabetic rats, and this could be one of the important reasons for the increased risk of infections in the male genital tract.

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Genitourinary infection in diabetes

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Prognostic scoring system and risk stratification in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: an 11‐year prospective study at a tertiary referral centre

Prognostic scoring system and risk stratification in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: an 11‐year prospective study at a tertiary referral centre

Gender differences in adverse event reports associated with antidiabetic drugs

Tlr1‐13, Nod1/2 and antimicrobial gene expression in the epididymis and testis of rats with alloxan‐induced diabetes

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