Genipin enhances the mechanical properties of tissue‐engineered cartilage and protects against inflammatory degradation when used as a medium supplement

Abstract

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant condition with a birth incidence of 1/3,500. Around 50% of cases are due to new mutations. The NF1 gene maps to 17q11.2 and encodes neurofibromin. NF1 is a “classical” tumor suppressor gene. Congenital disseminated NF1 is rare with just two cases previously reported. We present a deceased baby with congenital disseminated NF1 in whom we performed molecular studies. A germline mutation (R461X) in exon 10a of the NF1 gene was found. A 2 bp deletion (3508delCA) in codon 1170 of exon 21 was identified in DNA derived from some tumor tissue. Loss of heterozygosity in NF1 and TP53 was observed in other tumor samples. No microsatellite instability was observed in the tumor samples. This is the first report of molecular analysis of the NF1 locus in a patient with disseminated congenital neurofibromatosis. This case had a de novo germline mutation in NF1 and three documented somatic mutations in the NF1 and TP53 genes in tumor specimens. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Beneficial Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Development of Chondrocyte-Seeded Hydrogel Constructs and Cellular Response to Interleukin Insults

“…37,38 Delivery of nanoceria particles within the construct or through the culture medium did not protect the engineered cartilage from high concentrations of IL-1a (10 ng/mL). However, it should be noted that while the concentration of IL-1a used here (10 ng/ mL) is typical of in vitro studies, 6,7,39,40 it is two orders of magnitude greater than the measured in vivo concentrations of IL-1a and IL-1b for arthritic or arthritic-like conditions. 37,38 Based on our findings, we conditionally accept our hypothesis that the detrimental effects of IL-1a can be deactivated by interacting with nanoceria and is comparable with observations by previous studies that have used mammalian cell lines.…”

“…The intermediate IL-1a concentration of 0.5 ng/ mL was selected to represent in vivo conditions, 37,38 whereas 10 ng/mL is known to be an effective concentration for inflammatory damage under in vitro conditions. 6,7,39,40 Cell viability was evaluated using live/dead cytotoxicity kit (Life Technologies) and examined using a confocal microscope (Olympus Fluoview-100, Center Valley, PA). Living cells were stained with calcein-AM, which fluoresces green, and dead cells were stained with ethidium homodimer-1, which fluoresces red.…”

“…5,6 Other strategies include delivery of steroids, such as dexamethasone, or exogenous crosslinking factors. [6][7][8] However, biocompatible substances that sustainably scavenge radicals and protect de novo cartilage from an inflammatory response are more advantageous. In this study, we investigated the effect of cerum oxide nanoparticles in culture to act as a protectant for engineered cartilage against cytokine exposure.…”

Laser-assisted vessel welding: state of the art and future outlook

“…With an optimal combination of chromophore concentration and lasing parameters, denaturation that starts at the solder base, as observed with solders containing high albumin content, potentially produces stronger adhesive bonding than the superficial denaturation seen with low albumin content solders. Furthermore, adhesive bonding can be increased by the addition of a protein cross-linking agent such as genipin, which chemically cross-links albumin to tissue collagens [107,111].…”

Microfluidic Genipin Deposition Technique for Extended Culture of Micropatterned Vascular Muscular Thin Films

“…Here, we use a similar approach to extend culture of patterned vascular smooth muscle cells on PDMS. Genipin, a natural hydrolytic derivative of the gardenia fruit, is a desirable candidate for substrate modification due to its relatively low toxicity compared to similar crosslinking agents and its increasing use as a biomaterial in the fields of tissue repair 12,13 and ECM modification 17 , but other branching designs may be used. Decrease the width and length of channels for each branching iteration until attaining the desired tissue pattern spacing (walls and channels, Figure 1B) the PDMS in the dish at 90°C for at least 1.5 hr.…”