Genghis Khan and the Mongol Conquests 1190-1400

Turnbull, Stephen

doi:10.4324/9780203489505

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Events that took place as long ago as the thirteenth century established a historical point of reference that continues to be relevant to Sino-Indonesian relations today. In 1293, a combined Mongol and Chinese army invaded and tried to conquer Java (Turnbull 2003). Despite the fact that the attack failed, and also that China was ruled by the Mongol Yuan dynasty at the time, the story lives on in Indonesian school textbooks and is seen as evidence of 'Chinese "expansionism"' (Laksmana 2011: 29).…”

Section: The Bri As a Potential Source For Political Chinese Leveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspectives on China's Belt and Road Initiative

2021

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Iran as a 'Civilizational Crossroads' in the Belt and Road Geography Mohammadbagher Forough 13 Exploring the Political, Economic, and Social Implications of the Digital Silk Road into East Africa The Case of Ethiopia Sanne van der Lugt ContributorsThis book would not have been possible without the assistance and continuous efforts of numerous people. The LeidenAsiaCentre's manager, Lily Sprangers, has worked tirelessly to coordinate our editorial work, aided by our project manager, Jonas Lammertink, and they have the heartfelt gratitude of our entire team of researchers. Nicholas Olczak has done an excellent job copy-editing this book, with much of the work taking place at the eleventh hour, and we are deeply grateful for his assistance. Then there are our contributors, who have engaged in highly productive and collegial debate throughout the span of the project, and it has been a pleasure seeing them work together and create these insightful studies. Work on this project was made ever more difficult as the Coronavirus crisis unfolded, and I am very thankful to everyone involved for staying committed to the project during such unprecedented and difficult times. Substantial parts of our debates about the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and about the relevance of actors and agency, took place outside of Leiden University. We would like to thank the EU Centre in Singapore, especially its director, Yeo Lay Hwee, for hosting a fruitful conference on BRI-related developments in January 2020. Our discussions at Nanyang Technological University very much shaped our thinking on this complex topic and now inform many aspects of this book.Finally, our gratitude goes to our editors at Amsterdam University Press for all their help and assistance along the way, especially to Saskia Gieling, who has been instrumental in bringing this book to press.The LeidenAsiaCentre is an academic institution. Its research is funded independently and is not subject to partisan influence.

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Section: The Bri As a Potential Source For Political Chinese Leveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Perspectives on China's Belt and Road Initiative

2021

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“…However, there is also an interesting story related to material science associated with Genghis Khan. This story claims that his warriors were protected from enemy arrows by special leather garments, which were interwoven with one of the strongest materials known at that time, silk. , Spider dragline silk from major-ampullate silk glands outperforms almost any man-made material in its combination of tensile strength and extensibility (so-called, extreme toughness). − These remarkable mechanical properties of the dragline silk aroused considerable interest by scientists, with research focusing on elucidation the relationship between molecular conformation and mechanical properties of the dragline silk or artificial silk production . However, surprisingly, approaches to improve or tune the mechanical properties of the native or produced spider silk themselves through chemical treatments have rarely been undertaken. , The focus has rather been on harvesting or converting spider silks into fabric form or reinforcing Bombyx mori silk with certain additives like carbon nanotubes or nanoparticles …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Al-Infiltrated Spider Dragline Silk under Tensile Deformation

Lee

Pippel

Moutanabbir

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Natural materials consisting of protein structures impregnated with a tiny amount of metals often exhibit impressive mechanical behavior, which represents a new design paradigm for the development of biomimetic materials. Here, we produced Al-infiltrated silks by applying a modified Al2O3 atomic layer deposition process to the dragline silk of the Nephila pilipes spider, which showed unusual mechanical properties. The deformation behavior of the molecular structure of the Al-infiltrated silk was investigated by performing in situ Raman spectroscopy, where Raman shifts were measured concurrently with macroscopic mechanical deformations. For identifying the role of the infiltrated Al atoms, the study was performed in parallel with untreated silk, and the results were compared. Our experimental results revealed that superior mechanical properties of the Al-infiltrated silk are likely to be caused by the alterations of the sizes of the β-sheet crystals and their distribution.

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“…357 Indeed, firm and regularly implemented discipline is a quality manifested by every successful military system, including forces mislabeled as "barbarian" such as the Mongols, who were extremely well-disciplined and organized. 358 Writing in the sixteenth century, Machiavelli argued, with some justification, that the Swiss were exemplars of the early Romans because they were governed by a representative form of government and made war, not with mercenaries, but with well-disciplined citizen infantry. 359 Recent scholarship has critiqued the idealized portrait of the Roman army's discipline, although William Messer already noticed, nearly a hundred years ago, that Roman soldiers had a peculiar tendency to protest and speak their mind with an astonishing vociferousness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtus et disciplina : an interdisciplinary study of the roman martial values of courage and discipline

James¹

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This thesis discusses Roman martial values, principally virtus and disciplina, and their literary characterization. This is an interdisciplinary study that employs data and methodologies from anthropology, evolutionary biology, moral philosophy, military history, and analytical psychology to supplement scholarship from classical studies. My aim is to analyze and interpret, as deeply and profoundly as possible, the values that the Romans regarded as essential to their military success. I argue that Greek and Roman authors depict nuanced but relatively consistent representations of Roman martial values, which both derive from actual Roman military practice and project an important component of Roman cultural identity. Virtus was a virtue that primarily denoted martial courage, an ethical quality, while disciplina functioned as a means to virtus, but it was not necessarily a virtue itself. The premises of my argument are as follows: 1) military doctrine reflects culture, which manifests in the projection of Roman values through military narratives; 2) there is significant agreement among classical authors discussing Roman warfare in the abstract; 3) historiography distorts to some extent but is not deliberately mendacious, which derives from the relatively meritocratic hierarchies cultivated by the Roman army; 4) an appreciation of archetypal imagery has utility in interpreting Roman values, given that the primary evidence for these qualities derive from stories imbued with moral instruction.

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Genghis Khan and the Mongol Conquests 1190-1400

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Global Perspectives on China's Belt and Road Initiative

Global Perspectives on China's Belt and Road Initiative

In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Al-Infiltrated Spider Dragline Silk under Tensile Deformation

Virtus et disciplina : an interdisciplinary study of the roman martial values of courage and discipline

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