Genetics of restless legs syndrome

Winkelmann, Juliane; Ferini‐Strambi, Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2006.01.003

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The hereditary type can be found in particular in families with early onset of symptoms. Three gene loci have been described to date (on chromosomes 12q, 9p and 14q) (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity of Migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome—A Case-Control Study

Rhode¹,

Hösing²,

Happe

et al. 2007

Cephalalgia

102

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In order to evaluate a possible association between migraine and restless legs syndrome (RLS), we performed a case-control study on the comorbidity of RLS and migraine. Patients with migraine (n = 411) and 411 sex- and age-matched control subjects were included. Migraine was diagnosed according to International Headache Society criteria, RLS according to the criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Furthermore, all patients had to fill out a self-assessment test performance on depression [Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI)]. RLS frequency was significantly higher in migraine patients than in control subjects (17.3% vs. 5.6%, P < 0.001; odds ratio 3.5, confidence interval 2.2, 5.8). In our sample, there was no significant association between migraine and depression as defined by the BDI score (9.6% in migraine vs. 4.0% in control subjects, P = 0.190). Depression was, however, not significantly more frequent in migraine patients with RLS (13.6%) than in migraine patients without RLS (8.7%). In addition, migraine patients with RLS had a significantly higher BDI score. RLS features did not differ significantly between migraine patients with RLS and control subjects with RLS. There is an association between RLS and migraine and, in addition, a co-association with depression. The underlying mechanism, however, remains undetermined and might be related to a dysfunction of dopaminergic metabolism in migraine.

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“…The hereditary type can be found in particular in families with early onset of symptoms. Three gene loci have been described to date (on chromosomes 12q, 9p and 14q) (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comorbidity of Migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome—A Case-Control Study

Rhode¹,

Hösing²,

Happe

et al. 2007

Cephalalgia

102

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“…RLS encompasses both an idiopathic type with no apparent cause and a symptomatic type associated with conditions such as iron deficiency, uremia, peripheral neuropathy, and others. There is strong evidence for genetically determined idiopathic forms with high locus heterogeneity 4. Still, the pathophysiology of RLS remains largely unknown.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical grey matter alterations in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: An optimized voxel‐based morphometry study

et al. 2007

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An impairment of central somatosensory processing is assumed in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Although functional neuroimaging in RLS gave evidence to the presence of widespread functional changes in various brain areas, structural changes at the cortical level were not reported to be RLS-associated to date. Here, an analysis of high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 63 patients with idiopathic RLS by use of optimized voxel-based morphometry, in order to investigate if cortical areas might be altered in volume at group level according to the phenomenology of RLS. The comparison of the RLS patients versus controls yielded significant regional decreases of gray matter volume at corrected P < 0.05 in the bihemispheric primary somatosensory cortex, which additionally extended into left-sided primary motor areas. All clusters correlated both with the severity of RLS symptoms and with disease duration. These results, for the first time, give in vivo evidence to structural neocortical gray matter alterations in RLS patients. The alterations in the sensorimotor cortices might add to the pathophysiological concepts of idiopathic RLS.

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“…The prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is 0.8 to 15% in different ethnic groups 1–6. It is more frequent in women,3 and 40 to 90% have a family history of the condition 7…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease

et al. 2007

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The present study explores the frequency of RLS in PD and focuses on the clinical differences between patients with and without restless legs syndrome (RLS). A cross-sectional study was designed, comprising 114 patients diagnosed with PD. Those patients positive for RLS were assessed for intensity of the syndrome (IRLS). We compared the clinical characteristics of the patients with and without RLS, using specific scales: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS I-IV), quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, PDQ 39), sleep symptoms (Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale, PDSS), and diurnal hypersomnia (Epworth Sleepiness Scale). Twenty-five patients (21.9%) out of a total of 114 subjects diagnosed with PD met the RLS diagnostic criteria. RLS was more frequent in women (68%). The patients with RLS showed poorer scores on the PDSS (PD-RLS+: 102.4 +/- 15.1 vs PD-RLS-: 113.2 +/- 16.4) (P = 0.005) and in the bodily discomfort dimension of the PDQ-39 (PD-RLS+ 6.1 +/- 3.4 vs PD-RLS- 3.8 +/- 2.6) (P = 0.002). Analysis of the subscales of the PDSS showed significant differences (P < 0.001) between both groups of patients in items 4 and 10, and to a lesser degree in items 5 (P = 0.01) and 11 (P = 0.02) There was no increased incidence of diurnal hypersomnia in the group of patients with RLS. There were no differences in the rest of the variables. RLS is frequent in patients with PD, though this condition doesn't apparently affect quality of life or lead to an increased presence of diurnal hypersomnia. It would be advisable to validate the diagnostic criteria of RLS in this specific group of patients.

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Genetics of restless legs syndrome

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Comorbidity of Migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome—A Case-Control Study

Comorbidity of Migraine and Restless Legs Syndrome—A Case-Control Study

Cortical grey matter alterations in idiopathic restless legs syndrome: An optimized voxel‐based morphometry study

Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease

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