Genetics of Resistance to Common Root Rot (Spot Blotch), Fusarium Crown Rot, and Sharp Eyespot in Wheat

Abstract

Due to soil changes, high density planting, and the use of straw-returning methods, wheat common root rot (spot blotch), Fusarium crown rot (FCR), and sharp eyespot (sheath blight) have become severe threats to global wheat production. Only a few wheat genotypes show moderate resistance to these root and crown rot fungal diseases, and the genetic determinants of wheat resistance to these devastating diseases are poorly understood. This review summarizes recent results of genetic studies of wheat resistance to common root rot, Fusarium crown rot, and sharp eyespot. Wheat germplasm with relatively higher resistance are highlighted and genetic loci controlling the resistance to each disease are summarized.

Fungal Pathogens Associated with Crown and Root Rot of Wheat in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Kazakhstan

“…A variety of root and stem base rot complex diseases frequently hinder wheat yields, stands, and grain quality in wheat-growing countries [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. This complex can be caused by a variety of infections that cause damping-off, blight, necrosis, and dry rotting of the root, crown, sub-crown, and lower stem tissues, along with wilting and stunting of seedlings and mature wheat plants [ 15 ].…”

“…This complex can be caused by a variety of infections that cause damping-off, blight, necrosis, and dry rotting of the root, crown, sub-crown, and lower stem tissues, along with wilting and stunting of seedlings and mature wheat plants [ 15 ]. Infections of these pathogens in the root and stem base compartments of wheat have a significant impact on the number of tillers as well as the number and size of kernels, and severe infections in the root and crown of seedlings can be fatal [ 14 ]. Various ubiquitous or soilborne fungal pathogens occurring on the same plant and in the same field are associated with this complex, but common root rot caused by B. sorokiniana and Fusarium crown rot caused by multiple Fusarium species, which create a challenge for disease diagnosis and detection and require a combination of conventional and molecular-based methods for diagnosis, are the most common and have global significance.…”

“…Multiple fungal species frequently co-occur at the same time and may interact in synergistic or competing ways, influencing their development and disease-causing capabilities [ 24 ]. Furthermore, the composition of these pathogens and the severity and incidence of the disease that they cause is influenced by various factors, such as the pathogen populations in the soil, wheat genotype, time of infection, season, soil type, temperature, moisture, nutrition, geographical region, cropping sequence, suppressive capacity of the soil microbiome, and tillage and other cultural practices [ 14 , 19 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Additionally, some species such as F .…”

Antagonistic Strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XZ34-1 for Controlling Bipolaris sorokiniana and Promoting Growth in Wheat

“…Common root rot is one of the most prevalent diseases of wheat and has become a severe threat to global wheat production [1]. It is characterized by the development of necrotic lesions on the roots and sub-crown.…”

Genome-Wide Association Study for Spot Blotch Resistance in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat

“…Previous genetic studies have identified a range of SB resistance genes/QTL, residing on all wheat chromosomes except 4D and 5D, as summarized recently by [ 56 ]. Some of these loci exhibited major effects, such as the nominated Sb genes, yet most of them showed minor effects.…”