Genetics of recurrent pregnancy loss among Iranian population

Abstract

Background Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most common reproductive disorders which is defined as the occurrence of recurrent miscarriage before 24 weeks of gestation and is observed among 1%–5% of women. Methods Various factors are associated with RPL such as immunological disorders, maternal age, obesity, alcohol, chromosomal abnormality, endocrine disorders, and uterine abnormalities. About half of the RPL cases are related with chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, RPL genetic tests are mainly limited to karyotyping. However, there is a significant proportion of RPL cases without any chromosomal abnormalities that can be related to the single‐gene aberrations. Therefore, it is required to prepare a diagnostic panel of genetic markers besides karyotyping. Results In the present review, we have summarized all the significant reported genes until now which are associated with RPL among Iranian women. We categorized all the reported genes based on their cellular and molecular functions in order to determine the molecular bases of RPL in this population. Conclusion This review paves the way of introducing a population‐based diagnostic panel of genetic markers for the first time among Iranian RPL cases. Moreover, this review clarifies the genetic and molecular bases of RPL in this population.

Association of FOXP3 rs3761548 polymorphism and its reduced expression with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortions: A South Indian study

“…Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is a serious growing reproductive problem among the young couples, defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestational age, 1 while the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) defines recurrent miscarriage as two previous losses 2 . Despite various clinical and experimental tests, yet there is not an accurate and efficient diagnostic method during the early stages of pregnancy in more than half of RPL patients 3 . The risk factors linked to its pathogenesis are genetic disorders such as foetal chromosomal abnormalities, maternal factors including anatomical deformities, placental anomalies, thrombophilia, endocrine disorders, immune dysfunction, infection, smoking, psychological trauma, stress and environmental factors 4,5 .…”

Sex-Biased lncRNA Signature in Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR)

“…The function of the protein coded by SULF1 is to release 6-O-sulfate groups from the heparan sulfate, which, in consequence, modifies the growth factor-binding sites in proteoglycans [ 77 ]. Therefore, sulfatase plays a major role in many important processes, such as angiogenesis, cell signaling and embryogenesis [ 78 , 79 ]. Research performed in mice revealed that SULF mutations are responsible for brain and skeletal malformations, abnormal innervations of smooth muscle and even embryonic lethality [ 80 , 81 ].…”

A Comparative Cross-Platform Meta-Analysis to Identify Potential Biomarker Genes Common to Endometriosis and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

“…A large number of works have been carried out in the past decades to identify genetic markers for both endometriosis and RPL [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, a trustworthy molecular marker having significant prognostic value has not yet been determined.…”