Genetics of rapid eye movement sleep in humans

Adamczyk, Marek; Ambrosius, U.; Lietzenmaier, S.; Wichniak, Adam; Holsboer, Florian; Frieß, Elisabeth

doi:10.1038/tp.2015.85

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These serve as markers for typical sleep, and as clinically relevant indicators of differentiated electroencephalograms in schizophrenia (Boutros, Mucci, Vignapiano, & Galderisi, ; Manoach et al., ). Twin studies have reported a strong genetic component in both REM (Adamczyk et al., ) and NREM sleep (Ambrosius et al., ), as well as spindle activity, with some reports suggesting a hereditability up to 96% in the 8–16 Hz sleep EEG range (De Gennaro et al., ). In addition to genetics, certain developmental and environmental factors also play a part in determining sleep EEG patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal traits are associated with sleep spindles and rapid eye movement in adolescence

Kuula

Merikanto

Makkonen

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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Research suggests an association between schizophrenia and a decrease in sleep spindle activity, as well as a change in sleep architecture. It is unknown how the continuum of psychotic symptoms relates to different features in the sleep electroencephalogram. We set out to examine how sleep architecture and stage 2 spindle activity are associated with schizotypy in a healthy adolescent population. The participants in our study (n = 176, 61% girls) came from a community-based cohort. Schizotypal traits were evaluated using the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA) in early adolescence (mean age 12.3 years, SD = 0.5) and the participants underwent ambulatory overnight polysomnography at mean age 16.9 years (SD = 0.1). Sleep was scored in 30-s epochs into stages 1, 2, 3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Stage 2 spindles were detected using an automated algorithm. Spindle analyses from central and frontal derivations included spindle duration and density for slow (10-13 Hz) and fast (13-16 Hz) ranges. Covariates included sex and age. Those with the highest STA scores had a higher percentage of REM (B = 2.07 [95% CI, 0.17, 4.0]; p = .03) than those with the lowest scores. Those with the highest scores had shorter spindle duration, as derived from the frontal regions, and a slower oscillation range (B = -0.04 [95% CI, -0.07, -0.01]; p = .023) than those with the lowest scores. We conclude that high levels of schizotypy characteristics measured in early adolescence may be associated with distinguished features of sleep architecture, namely with spindle morphology and a higher proportion of REM sleep.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizotypal traits are associated with sleep spindles and rapid eye movement in adolescence

Kuula

Merikanto

Makkonen

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…However, measures which themselves reflect the functioning of complex neural systems might be exceptions as they capture the end product of complicated genetic pathways involving complementary and possible substitutable mechanisms. The sleep EEG is a good candidate for such a measure, given its high individual stability 24 , 27 , 85 , strong genetic determination 27 , 32 , 86 and the fact that it reflects the events in large, functionally connected neural assemblies free from contamination by wakeful mentation and movement artifacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Originally, the high reliability of the sleep EEG spectrogram was demonstrated well outside the sigma range in NREM 25 – 29 . Notably, the descriptive parameters 30 , 31 as well as EEG characteristics 32 , 33 of REM sleep are similarly stable and heritable. Therefore, the scarcity of data on the relationship between IQ and sleep EEG features other than sleep spindles is somewhat surprising.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sleep EEG spectrum is a sexually dimorphic marker of general intelligence

Ujma

Konrad

Gombos

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The shape of the EEG spectrum in sleep relies on genetic and anatomical factors and forms an individual “EEG fingerprint”. Spectral components of EEG were shown to be connected to mental ability both in sleep and wakefulness. EEG sleep spindle correlates of intelligence, however, exhibit a sexual dimorphism, with a more pronounced association to intelligence in females than males. In a sample of 151 healthy individuals, we investigated how intelligence is related to spectral components of full-night sleep EEG, while controlling for the effects of age. A positive linear association between intelligence and REM anterior beta power was found in females but not males. Transient, spindle-like “REM beta tufts” are described in the EEG of healthy subjects, which may reflect the functioning of a recently described cingular-prefrontal emotion and motor regulation network. REM sleep frontal high delta power was a negative correlate of intelligence. NREM alpha and sigma spectral power correlations with intelligence did not unequivocally remain significant after multiple comparisons correction, but exhibited a similar sexual dimorphism. These results suggest that the neural oscillatory correlates of intelligence in sleep are sexually dimorphic, and they are not restricted to either sleep spindles or NREM sleep.

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“…Therefore, greater similarity between monozygotic twins as compared to dizygotic twins can be attributed to the larger proportion of shared genes. Studies in adult twins have shown that the sleep EEG power spectrum is highly heritable 13 , 36 – 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of Sleep EEG Topography in Adolescence: Results from a Longitudinal Twin Study

Markovic

Achermann

Rusterholz

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The topographic distribution of sleep EEG power is a reflection of brain structure and function. The goal of this study was to examine the degree to which genes contribute to sleep EEG topography during adolescence, a period of brain restructuring and maturation. We recorded high-density sleep EEG in monozygotic (MZ; n = 28) and dizygotic (DZ; n = 22) adolescent twins (mean age = 13.2 ± 1.1 years) at two time points 6 months apart. The topographic distribution of normalized sleep EEG power was examined for the frequency bands delta (1–4.6 Hz) to gamma 2 (34.2–44 Hz) during NREM and REM sleep. We found highest heritability values in the beta band for NREM and REM sleep (0.44 ≤ h2 ≤ 0.57), while environmental factors shared amongst twin siblings accounted for the variance in the delta to sigma bands (0.59 ≤ c2 ≤ 0.83). Given that both genetic and environmental factors are reflected in sleep EEG topography, our results suggest that topography may provide a rich metric by which to understand brain function. Furthermore, the frequency specific parsing of the influence of genetic from environmental factors on topography suggests functionally distinct networks and reveals the mechanisms that shape these networks.

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Genetics of rapid eye movement sleep in humans

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Schizotypal traits are associated with sleep spindles and rapid eye movement in adolescence

Schizotypal traits are associated with sleep spindles and rapid eye movement in adolescence

The sleep EEG spectrum is a sexually dimorphic marker of general intelligence

Heritability of Sleep EEG Topography in Adolescence: Results from a Longitudinal Twin Study

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