Genetics of plant—pathogen interactions

Ji, Cheng; Smith-Becker, J. A.; Keen, N. T.

doi:10.1016/s0958-1669(98)80116-x

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the last decade, particular attention has been turned toward understanding mechanisms that govern plant-microbe interactions and to unravel the processes that lead to plant resistance (Dixon et al, 1994;Jones, 1994;Ryan, 1994;Ryals et al, 1995;Staskawicz et al, 1995;Ji et al, 1998;Keen, 1999). However, the general molecular basis of plant-pathogen recognition controlling plant resistance remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediation of Elicitin Activity on Tobacco Is Assumed by Elicitin-Sterol Complexes

Osman¹,

Vauthrin²,

Mikeš

et al. 2001

MBoC

104

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Elicitins secreted by phytopathogenic Phytophthora spp. are proteinaceous elicitors of plant defense mechanisms and were demonstrated to load, carry, and transfer sterols between membranes. The link between elicitor and sterol-loading properties was assessed with the use of site-directed mutagenesis of the 47 and 87 cryptogein tyrosine residues, postulated to be involved in sterol binding. Mutated cryptogeins were tested for their ability to load sterols, bind to plasma membrane putative receptors, and trigger biological responses. For each mutated elicitin, the chemical characterization of the corresponding complexes with stigmasterol (1:1 stoichiometry) demonstrated their full functionality. However, these proteins were strongly altered in their sterol-loading efficiency, specific binding to high-affinity sites, and activities on tobacco cells. Ligand replacement experiments strongly suggest that the formation of a sterol-elicitin complex is a requisite step before elicitins fasten to specific binding sites. This was confirmed with the use of two sterol-preloaded elicitins. Both more rapidly displaced labeled cryptogein from its specific binding sites than the unloaded proteins. Moreover, the binding kinetics of elicitins are related to their biological effects, which constitutes the first evidence that binding sites could be the biological receptors. The first event involved in elicitin-mediated cell responses is proposed to be the protein loading with a sterol molecule.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediation of Elicitin Activity on Tobacco Is Assumed by Elicitin-Sterol Complexes

Osman¹,

Vauthrin²,

Mikeš

et al. 2001

MBoC

104

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“…This is considered the first stage in any infectious process and is an important and critical step for colonization (30). Many human pathogens, in addition to adhering to different mammalian cells, are capable of interacting with other surfaces outside their host, i.e., plants and fruits, and can live in association with other bacteria while obtaining nutrients for their survival (22). Food-borne illnesses present a significant health problem throughout the world, and in the United States alone, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that there are 76 million illnesses and 5,000 deaths annually (29).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Binding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Alfalfa, Human Epithelial Cells, and Plastic Is Mediated by a Variety of Surface Structures

Torres

Jeter

Langley

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

103

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Escherichia coli O157:H7 carried on plant surfaces, including alfalfa sprouts, has been implicated in food poisoning and outbreaks of disease in the United States. Adhesion to cell surfaces is a key component for bacterial establishment and colonization on many types of surfaces. Several E. coli O157:H7 surface proteins are thought to be important for adhesion and/or biofilm formation. Therefore, we examined whether mutations in several genes encoding potential adhesins and regulators of adherence have an effect on bacterial binding to plants and also examined the role of these genes during adhesion to Caco-2 cells and during biofilm formation on plastic in vitro. The genes tested included those encoding adhesins (cah, aidA1, and ompA) and mediators of hyperadherence (tdcA, yidE, waaI, and cadA) and those associated with fimbria formation (csgA, csgD, and lpfD2). The introduction of some of these genes (cah, aidA1, and csg loci) into an E. coli K-12 strain markedly increased its ability to bind to alfalfa sprouts and seed coats. The addition of more than one of these genes did not show an additive effect. In contrast, deletion of one or more of these genes in a strain of E. coli O157:H7 did not affect its ability to bind to alfalfa. Only the absence of the ompA gene had a significant effect on binding, and the plant-bacterium interaction was markedly reduced in a tdcA ompA double mutant. In contrast, the E. coli O157:H7 ompA and tdcA ompA mutant strains were only slightly affected in adhesion to Caco-2 cells and during biofilm formation. These findings suggest that some adhesins alone are sufficient to promote binding to alfalfa and that they may exist in E. coli O157:H7 as redundant systems, allowing it to compensate for the loss of one or more of these systems. Binding to the three types of surfaces appeared to be mediated by overlapping but distinct sets of genes. The only gene which appeared to be irreplaceable for binding to plant surfaces was ompA.

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“…A variety of studies have now confirmed the elicitorreceptor model, and provide detailed information on the nature of elicitors and receptors at the molecular level ( Ji, Smith-Backer & Keen, 1998). For example, small peptides produced by the tomato leaf mould pathogen Cladosporium fulvum show the characteristics of an avirulence gene-encoded elicitor: the purified peptides elicited a hypersensitive response on tomato cultivars that were resistant to the C. fulvum race used to obtain the peptide (Van den Ackerveken, Van Kan & De Wit, 1992).…”

Section: Parasite-host Coevolution and Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of researchers have suggested that these LRR proteins are involved in recognition and defence-initiation systems that resemble the immune systems of both vertebrates and invertebrates (e.g. Staskawicz et al, 1995;Ji et al, 1998).…”

Section: Parasite-host Coevolution and Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic exploitation as an engine of diversity

Summers¹,

McKEON²,

Sellars³

et al. 2003

Biological Reviews

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Parasitic exploitation occurs within and between a wide variety of taxa in a plethora of diverse contexts. Theoretical and empirical analyses indicate that parasitic exploitation can generate substantial genetic and phenotypic polymorphism within species. Under some circumstances, parasitic exploitation may also be an important factor causing reproductive isolation and promoting speciation. Here we review research relevant to the relationship between parasitic exploitation, within species-polymorphism, and speciation in some of the major arenas in which such exploitation has been studied. This includes research on the vertebrate major histocompatibility loci, plant-pathogen interactions, the evolution of sexual reproduction, intragenomic conflict, sexual conflict, kin mimicry and social parasitism, tropical forest diversity and the evolution of language. We conclude by discussing some of the issues raised by comparing the effect of parasitic exploitation on polymorphism and speciation in different contexts.

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Genetics of plant—pathogen interactions

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

Mediation of Elicitin Activity on Tobacco Is Assumed by Elicitin-Sterol Complexes

Mediation of Elicitin Activity on Tobacco Is Assumed by Elicitin-Sterol Complexes

Differential Binding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Alfalfa, Human Epithelial Cells, and Plastic Is Mediated by a Variety of Surface Structures

Parasitic exploitation as an engine of diversity

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