Genetics of<i>Potamopyrgus antipodarum</i>(Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Variation in unisexual populations

Phillips, Ngaire; Lambert, David M.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1990.10422585

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Genetic variation within and among populations of P. antipodarum detected by allozyme electrophoresis is substantial (Philipps & Lambert 1989, 1990Dybdahl & Lively 1995Fox et al 1996). Our present knowledge on shell morphology as summarised above as well as an observation that some morphs appear to be restricted in their geographic distribution (M. Haase unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Clinal variation in shell morphology of the freshwater gastropodPotamopyrgus antipodarumalong two hill‐country streams in New Zealand

Haase¹

2003

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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The extremely polymorphic gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum is widespread in freshwater habitats throughout New Zealand. This study describes morphological variation of P. antipodarum along two streams in Waikato (North Island, New Zealand), and explores relationships between morphology and selected environmental variables (temperature, conductivity, pH, flow, shade, vegetation). Along each stream, fully grown snails were collected at 11 sites extending from the source of flow to 1 or 1.5 km downstream. In both streams, shells increased in size and in one stream they also became more obese with distance from the source. Of the environmental variables assessed only flow, which increased downstream, was found to have potential influence on shell morphology. Larger snails have a larger foot and thus a larger attachment area and therefore may be able to withstand higher currents, despite having a higher Reynolds number resulting in increased drag on them relative to smaller individuals. Other studies have found that clines of morphological variation in lakes are apparently driven by the differential risk of infection by parasites. This can be excluded for the stream populations in this study, because parasitised individuals were absent at upstream sites, suggesting that similar morphological patterns may have entirely different causes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…There are two karyotypes. Diploid specimens reproduce through outcrossing, and triploid snails are all female and parthenogenetic (Philipps & Lambert 1990;Wallace 1992;Dybdahl & Lively 1995). P. antipodarum is intermediate host of 14 species of digenean trematodes (Winterbourn 1974;MacArthur & Featherston 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinal variation in shell morphology of the freshwater gastropodPotamopyrgus antipodarumalong two hill‐country streams in New Zealand

Haase¹

2003

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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“…Asexual reproduction (like parthenogenesis or selfing) may generate considerable genetic differentiation between populations by the establishment of different genotypes in adjacent populations (e.g. Phillips & Lambert 1990). However, if few genotypes are successful over a wide range of environmental conditions one expects the opposite pattern (Balloux et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat type predicts genetic population differentiation in freshwater invertebrates

2006

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A basic challenge in evolutionary biology is to establish links between ecology and evolution of species. One important link is the habitat template. It has been hypothesized, that the spatial and temporal settings of a habitat strongly influence the evolution of species dispersal propensity. Here, we evaluate the importance of the habitat type on genetic population differentiation of species using freshwater habitats as a model system. Freshwater habitats are either lentic (standing) or lotic (running). On average, lotic habitats are more stable and predictable over space and time than lentic habitats. Therefore, lentic habitats should favour the evolution of higher dispersal propensity which ensures population survival of lentic species. To test for such a relationship, we used extensive data on species' genetic population differentiation of lentic and lotic freshwater invertebrates retrieved from published allozyme studies. Overall, we analysed more than 150 species from all over the world. Controlling for several experimental, biological and geographical confounding effects, we always found that lentic invertebrates exhibit, on average, lower genetic population differentiation than lotic species. This pattern was consistent across insects, crustaceans and molluscs. Our results imply fundamental differences in genetic population differentiation among species adapted to either lentic or lotic habitats. We propose that such differences should occur in a number of other habitat types that differ in spatio-temporal stability. Furthermore, our results highlight the important role of lotic habitats as reservoirs for evolutionary processes and the potential for rapid speciation.

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“…This might be explained by a higher degree of heterozygosity in P. antipodarum, as the reproductive mode (ameiotic parthenogenesis) of this species is thought to lead to increased heterozygosity (Phillips and Lambert, 1990). ventrosa.…”

Section: Chronic Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Population responses to acute and chronic cadmium exposure in sexual and asexual estuarine gastropods

Møller¹,

Forbes²,

Depledge³

1996

Ecotoxicology

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: The acute lethal and chronic sublethal responses of sexual (Hydrobia ventrosa) and asexual (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) gastropod populations to cadmium exposure were examined. Three questions were addressed: (i) are there differences in responses of sexual and asexual populations; (ii) are the response patterns similar in lethal and sublethal exposure conditions; and (iii) how does preexposure to cadmium influence these responses. No differences between the two species in mean acute tolerance (LC50) could be detected, but a significant difference was found between the slopes of the concentration-response curves. The steeper slope for P. antipodarum indicated a more uniform response for the asexual species than for H. ventrosa. In the sublethal experiment there was a significant difference in mean growth rate where, in general, P. antipodarum grew faster than H. ventrosa. P. antipodarum was more affected by cadmium at the low cadmium exposure, whereas growth rates were reduced equally for the two species at the high cadmium concentration. Pre-exposure to cadmium did not increase the tolerance to chronic exposure in either of the species, but P. antipodarum exhibited a tendency toward increased tolerance to acute cadmium stress after pre-exposure.The results show that there are differences between these closely related sexual and asexual species in response to cadmium, and that these differences are more pronounced under chronic sublethal exposure conditions.

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Genetics ofPotamopyrgus antipodarum(Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Variation in unisexual populations

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Clinal variation in shell morphology of the freshwater gastropodPotamopyrgus antipodarumalong two hill‐country streams in New Zealand

Clinal variation in shell morphology of the freshwater gastropodPotamopyrgus antipodarumalong two hill‐country streams in New Zealand

Habitat type predicts genetic population differentiation in freshwater invertebrates

Population responses to acute and chronic cadmium exposure in sexual and asexual estuarine gastropods

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