Genetics of human body size and shape: body proportions and indices

Livshits, Gregory; Roset, A; Yakovenko, K.; Trofimov, Svetlana; Kobyliansky, Eugene

doi:10.1080/03014460110085322

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…triceps skinfold and arm circumference, respectively). Previous path analyses have shown significant environmental effects on familial similarity (Livshits et al 2002). Environmental factors Reproduced from Little et al (1987).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial similarity in body size in an isolated Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico: Estimated genetic and environmental effects

Little

Malina²

2005

Annals of Human Biology

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The environment exerts a relatively consistent effect on growth status, and probably accounts for the low path coefficients (i.e. sibling correlations, parent-offspring regressions). Sex-specific effects are apparent in a strong paternal influence on male offspring height and moderate influences on weight, triceps skinfold, and arm circumference. Maternal influences are small on the anthropometric characteristics of males, but are exceptionally large on female weight, triceps skinfold and arm circumference. Estimated environmental effects on sibling similarity are low-to-moderately high.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familial similarity in body size in an isolated Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico: Estimated genetic and environmental effects

Little

Malina²

2005

Annals of Human Biology

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“…Second, it is rarely possible to identify the developmental pathways by which a set of genes influences the expression of a single phenotypic trait. This is a special problem for most skeletal features, which are typically polygenic and highly integrated, blurring not only the identity of evolvable units, but also their genetic bases (e.g., Livshits et al, 2002). Third, processes of epigenesis and pleiotropy that affect a given trait may be highly evolvable (Cheverud, '96;West-Eberhard, 2003).…”

Section: Phenotype-to-genotype Approachesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Testing hypotheses about tinkering in the fossil record: the case of the human skull

2004

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Efforts to test hypotheses about small-scale shifts in development (tinkering) that can only be observed in the fossil record pose many challenges. Here we use the origin of modern human craniofacial form to explore a series of analytical steps with which to propose and test evolutionary developmental hypotheses about the basic modules of evolutionary change. Using factor and geometric morphometric analyses of craniofacial variation in modern humans, fossil hominids, and chimpanzee crania, we identify several key shifts in integration (defined as patterns of covariation that result from interactions between components of a system) among units of the cranium that underlie the unique shape of the modern human cranium. The results indicate that facial retraction in modern humans is largely a product of three derived changes: a relatively longer anterior cranial base, a more flexed cranial base angle, and a relatively shorter upper face. By applying the Atchley-Hall model of morphogenesis, we show that these shifts are most likely the result of changes in epigenetic interactions between the cranial base and both the brain and the face. Changes in the size of the skeletal precursors to these regions may also have played some role. This kind of phenotype-to-genotype approach is a useful and important complement to more standard genotype-to-phenotype approaches, and may help to identify candidate genes involved in the origin of modern human craniofacial form.

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“…In addition to external factors, genetic differences will affect growth and its ultimate outcomes (e.g. stature and mass among others) as the genotype determines the reaction norms or developmental limits of the organism (Charnov 1993;Livshits et al 2002;Metcalfe and Monaghan 2001;Schell and Magnus 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an east-west phenotypic variation in body height, body form and body mass among prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, chile

et al. 2017

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Fuego-Patagonia's marine and terrestrial groups were historically described as phenotypically distinct but, studies of these phenotypic differences have yet to be conducted. This study evaluates phenotypic variation in Fuego-Patagonia. Phenotypic disparities result from extrinsic and intrinsic factors and therefore can reveal differences in both long and short term adaptations as well as genetic differences. Fifty-one adults were assessed. A total of six post-cranial measurements were included: maximum length of the humerus (MHL); maximum length of the radius (MRL); Bicondylar length of the femur (BFL); Maximum length of the tibia (MTL); bi-iliac breadth (BIB), and; antero-posterior diameter of the femoral head (FHD). Brachial index, crural index, body mass, body mass index and stature were then calculated. In general, terrestrial individuals had longer lower limb bones and were the tallest and heaviest. Marine individuals had the shortest bones and were shorter and lighter. Mixed-economy individuals showed mostly intermediate values. The trends are more marked in males than in females. The results suggests the presence of an east-to-west phenotypic gradient in the region that may have resulted from intrinsic and/or extrinsic differences between the groups. But, the sample size of this study is small, and thus the results should be cautiously considered.Key words: Phenotypic variation, Fuego-Patagonia, human colonization. Históricamente grupos marinos y terrestres de Fuego-Patagonia fueron descritos como fenotípicamente distintos. Este estudio examina la presencia de esta variación fenotípica, la cual de existir, podría ser resultado de factores extrínsecos, como son los procesos adaptativos de corto o largo plazo e intrínsecos como son los factores genéticos. La muestra se compone de 51 individuos adultos. Se incluyeron seis mediciones post-craneales: longitud máxima del húmero (MHL); longitud máxima del radio (MRL); longitud bicondilar del fémur (BFL); longitud máxima de la tibia (MTL); ancho bi-ilíaco (BIB), y; diámetro antero-posterior de la cabeza femoral (FHD

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Genetics of human body size and shape: body proportions and indices

Abstract: Genetic factors substantially influence inter-individual differences in body shape and configuration in two studied samples. However, further studies are needed to clarify the extent of pleiotropy and epigenetic effects on various facets of the human physique.

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Familial similarity in body size in an isolated Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico: Estimated genetic and environmental effects

Familial similarity in body size in an isolated Zapotec-speaking community in the valley of Oaxaca, southern Mexico: Estimated genetic and environmental effects

Testing hypotheses about tinkering in the fossil record: the case of the human skull

Assessment of an east-west phenotypic variation in body height, body form and body mass among prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, chile

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