Genetics of Hla Disease Association

Extended major histocompatibility complex haplotypes in type I diabetes mellitus.

“…The pared with normal ( Fig. 2 A) (15,16). This is also consistent with the finding that HLA-D ,B-chain restriction fragment length polymorphisms in genomic DNA differ between HLA-DR-identical healthy and insulindependent diabetic individuals (30).…”

“…It has been suggested that the markers that confer the highest relative risks for type I diabetes, particularly HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4, are primary indicators of, or are themselves directly involved in, the initial pathogenesis of pancreatic fl cell destruction (15,16). In this view, the other markers at the HLA-B locus (B8, B18, and B15) are secondarily increased because of the known linkage disequilibria in Caucasians of HLA-B8 and B18 with HLA-DR3, and HLA-B15 with HLA-DR4 (17).…”

Construction of a map of the short arm of human chromosome 6.

“…The major histocompatibility locus in man is also located on chromosome 6p and has been used as a genetic marker to study numerous human diseases. Linkage disequilibrium, a nonrandom association among alleles at different loci, has been observed between many HLA alleles and specific diseases (11). The biological basis of these associations in most cases is not known; they may be the result of physical linkage of the disease locus to HLA or they may involve an epistatic interaction.…”

“…Associations, apparently nonrandom, between specific alleles at the HLA locus and specific diseases have been observed (11). The biological basis for these associations in many cases is not known; association may result from physical linkage of the disease locus to the HLA locus, or it may involve an epistatic interaction.…”

Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis associated with an immunoglobulin gamma 3 restriction fragment length polymorphism.

“…Genes from two major complexes, the HLA-DR region ofthe human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the immunoglobulin structural gene region, have been shown to control immune responses to a wide variety of antigens (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) and in many cases a demonstrated or suspected autoimmune component (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). The association of HLA-DR with MS has been widely reported (28)(29)(30), while the association ofimmunoglobulin allotype with MS has been reported only twice (19,31). Using conventional Gm serotyping, Pandey et al (19) compared the frequencies of the five phenotypes generated from the three common Caucasian Gm haplotypes and found the Gm Protein typing.…”