Genetics of flavonoids

Forkmann, G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2911-2_12

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 271 publications

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“…These late-stage reactions are concerned with fine adjustment for a variety of floral color (2). All biosynthetic enzymes leading to anthocyanidin 3-O-glucoside have been characterized with their cDNA clones, which have been isolated by applying various cloning strategies (3)(4)(5). However, a few genes encoding enzymes for the modification of anthocyanins, such as UDP-glucose: anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5-GT) 1 and malonyl transferase, have not yet been isolated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Anthocyanin 5-O-Glucosyltransferase by mRNA Differential Display for Plant Forms Regarding Anthocyanin

Yamazaki¹,

Gong²,

Fukuchi-Mizutani³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

134

108

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UDP-glucose: anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5-GT) is responsible for the modification of anthocyanins to more stable molecules in complexes for co-pigmentation, supposedly resulting in a purple hue. The cDNA encoding 5-GT was isolated by a differential display applied to two different forms of anthocyanin production in Perilla frutescens var. crispa. Differential display was carried out for mRNA from the leaves of reddish-purple and green forms of P. frutescens, resulting in the isolation of five cDNA clones predominantly expressed in the red form. The cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 460 amino acids, exhibiting a low homology with the sequences of several glucosyltransferases including UDP-glucose: anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase. By using this cDNA as the probe, we also isolated a homologous cDNA clone from a petal cDNA library of Verbena hybrida. To identify the biochemical function of the encoded proteins, these cDNAs were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The recombinant proteins in the yeast extracts catalyzed the conversion of anthocyanidin 3-Oglucosides into the corresponding anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucosides using UDP-glucose as a cofactor, indicating the identity of the cDNAs encoding 5-GT. Several biochemical properties (optimum pH, K m values, and sensitivity to inhibitors) were similar to those reported previously for 5-GTs. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of two copies of 5-GT genes in the genome of both red and green forms of P. frutescens. The mRNA accumulation of the 5-GT gene was detected in the leaves of the red form but not in those of the green form and was induced by illumination of light, as observed for other structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. frutescens.

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Anthocyanin 5-O-Glucosyltransferase by mRNA Differential Display for Plant Forms Regarding Anthocyanin

Yamazaki¹,

Gong²,

Fukuchi-Mizutani³

et al. 1999

Journal of Biological Chemistry

134

108

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“…Genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis can be classified into two groups; structural genes encoding enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway and regulatory genes acting on the structural genes [1][2][3]. The DFR gene encodes the enzyme, dihydroflavonol 4 -reductase , which catalyses the stereospecific reduction of dihydroflavonols to the respective leucoanthocyanidines.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of the Gene for Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase of Japonica Rice Varieties.

Nakai

Inagaki

Nagata

et al. 1998

Plant Biotechnology

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“…Agave striata was collected at the same location than one of the populations of A. victoriae-reginae, at Lerdo, Durango (Table 1), where they are sympatric, exposed to the same environmental conditions. This allows to conclude that the evident differences in their foliar phenol profi les are the result of genetic differences that command speciesspecifi c sequential order in the biosynthesis pathway, as Heller and Forkmann (1994) pointed out, of which many of individual steps of the fl avonoid modifi cation have shown to be controlled by single genes (Forkmann, 1994). Our results indicate a species-specifi c tendency of phenol profi les for those taxa, as has been found for other groups of plants (Bate-Smith et al, 1975;Campos, 1997;Almaraz-Abarca et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variability of the Foliar Phenol Profiles of the Agave victoriae-reginae Complex (Agavaceae).

Almaraz-Abarca¹,

González-Elizondo²,

Campos³

et al. 2013

Bot. Sci.

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Abstract:The foliar phenol profi les of eight populations of the Agave victoriae-reginae complex were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection in order to assess the variability of those compounds across the natural distribution of the complex, and to determine their taxonomical signifi cance. With comparative aims Agave lechuguilla and A. striata were analyzed in the same manner. A total of 81 phenolic compounds were detected, comprising 18 phenolic acids, 51 fl avonoids (26 fl avonols, 19 dihydrovonoids, and six fl avones), and 12 non identifi ed phenols. Each population of the A. victoriaereginae complex showed a different foliar phenol composition, and A. pintilla, the most recently described species of the group, could be distinguished by four compounds not shared with any other analyzed population. Phenolic acids were detected in all taxa. However, a higher proportion of those compounds was found in the A. victoriae-reginae complex, while a predominance of fl avonols (quercetin-3-O-glycosides) was found in A. striata, and a codominance of dihydrofl avonoids and fl avonols in A. lechuguilla, allowing to distinguish species-specifi c profi les. Differences in the contents of some phenolic compounds among those three species and within the A. victoriae-reginae complex were also found. Our results sustain the proposal of considering A. victoriaereginae as a species complex and the separation of A. pintilla as an independent species. The results also reveal the foliar phenol patterns as valuable chemical markers in Agave. Key words: Agave lechuguilla, Agave striata, Agave victoriae-reginae, chemical variability, phenol profi les.Resumen: Se determinaron los perfi les fenólicos foliares de ocho poblaciones del complejo Agave victoriae-reginae por medio de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución con detector de arreglo de diodos para evaluar la variabilidad de esos compuestos a través de la distribución natural del complejo, y para determinar su valor taxonómico. Con fi nes comparativos Agave lechuguilla y Agave striata se analizaron de la misma manera. Se encontró un total de 81 compuestos fenólicos, que incluyeron 18 ácidos fenólicos, 51 fl avonoides (26 fl avonoles, 19 dihidrofl avonoides y seis fl avonas), además de 12 compuestos fenólicos no identifi cados. Cada población del complejo A. victoriae-reginae presentó una composición fenólica foliar diferente, y A. pintilla, la especie más recientemente descrita del grupo, se pudo distinguir por cuatro compuestos no compartidos con ninguna otra población analizada. En todos los taxa se detectaron ácidos fenólicos; sin embargo, una predominancia de estos compuestos se encontró en el complejo A. victoriae-reginae, mientras que en A. striata se encontró predominancia de fl avonoles (derivados de quercetina), y en A. lechuguilla una codominancia de dihidrofl avonoides y fl avonoles, lo que permitió discernir perfi les especie-específi cos. Diferencias en los contenidos de algunos compuestos fenólicos entre estas tres especies ...

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Genetics of flavonoids

Cited by 40 publications

References 271 publications

Molecular Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Anthocyanin 5-O-Glucosyltransferase by mRNA Differential Display for Plant Forms Regarding Anthocyanin

Molecular Cloning and Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Anthocyanin 5-O-Glucosyltransferase by mRNA Differential Display for Plant Forms Regarding Anthocyanin

Molecular Characterization of the Gene for Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase of Japonica Rice Varieties.

Variability of the Foliar Phenol Profiles of the Agave victoriae-reginae Complex (Agavaceae).

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