Genetics of dyslexia: the evolving landscape

Children with reading disabilities (RD, n = 17), mathematical disabilities (MD, n = 22), combined reading and mathematical disabilities (RD+MD, n = 28) and control peers (n = 45) were tested on behavioral inhibition with a Go/no-go task in a picture, letter and digit-modality. In contrast to children without RD, children with RD made significantly more commission errors on alphanumeric (letter and digit) modalities compared to the non-alphanumeric picture modality. As compared to children without MD, children with MD made as much commission errors on the picture modality as on the letter modality. No significant interaction-effect was found between RD and MD. These results can be considered as evidence for behavioral inhibition deficits related to alphanumeric stimuli in children with RD but not in children with MD.

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“…Prevalence of RD is estimated between 5-12% (Schumacher, Hoffmann, Schmal, Schulte-Korne, & Nothen, 2007).…”

Section: Behavioral Inhibition In Children With Reading Disabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral inhibition in children with learning disabilities

Weerdt

Desoete

Roeyers

2013

Research in Developmental Disabilities

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“…This region harbours two independent gene clusters in close proximity to one another, namely VMP/DCDC2/ KAAG1 and KIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2. Both regions have received support from different independent samples (Cope et al 2005;Deffenbacher et al 2004;Francks et al 2004;Meng et al 2005;Schumacher et al 2006) and it has been concluded that of the candidate genes discussed to date, the evidence for DCDC2 and KIAA0319 is the most convincing (Fisher Francks 2006;McGrath et al 2006;Schumacher et al 2007;Williams O'Donovan 2006). Their involvement in the development of dyslexia has been further strengthened by functional analyses which showed that inhibition of each of the two genes, DCDC2 and KIAA0319, leads to poorer neuronal migration in the neocortex of fetal rats through RNA interference methods (Meng et al 2005;Paracchini et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In order to identify regions that confer susceptibility for dyslexia, results from several independent linkage studies have pointed towards a susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p21-p22 (DYX2) (for review Schumacher et al 2007). This region harbours two independent gene clusters in close proximity to one another, namely VMP/DCDC2/ KAAG1 and KIAA0319/TTRAP/THEM2.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Investigation of interaction between DCDC2 and KIAA0319 in a large German dyslexia sample

et al. 2008

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The dyslexia susceptibility locus DYX2 (chr. 6p21-p22) harbours two candidate genes, DCDC2 and KIAA0319. In 2006, Harold et al. reported evidence for interaction between both genes. Having previously identified a risk haplotype for dyslexia in DCDC2, but not KIAA0319, in German families, we also tested for interaction between this risk haplotype and KIAA0319. We found a nominally significant association for the quantitative dimension ''word reading'', the core phenotype in the study of Harold et al., which may be considered as supportive evidence.

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“…For example, results obtained from recent studies have provided compelling evidence regarding their genetic and environmental etiologies (e.g., Fisher & DeFries, 2002;Schumacher et al, 2007;Williams & O'Donovan, 2006), subtypes or dimensions (e.g., Bailey, Manis, Pedersen & Seidenberg, 2004;Griffiths & Snowling, 2002;Olson, Datta, Gayán & DeFries, 1999;Vukovic & Siegel, 2006), gender differences (e.g., Harlaar, Spinath, Dale & Plomin, 2005;Rutter et al, 2004;Wadsworth & DeFries, 2005), and comorbidity with other conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (e.g., Gayán et al, 2005;McGee, Prior, Williams, Smart & Sanson, 2002;Stevenson et al, 2005;Willcutt et al, 2002Willcutt et al, , 2003 and antisocial behavior (e.g., Trzesniewski, Moffitt, Caspi, Taylor & Maughan, 2006;Willcutt & Pennington, 2000). In addition, recent longitudinal studies have addressed the stability of RD and rates of change for disabled vs nondisabled readers (e.g., Badian, 1999;Bast & Reitsma, 1998;Raskind et al, 1998;Raskind, Higgins, Goldberg & Herman, 1999;Shaywitz et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorado longitudinal twin study of reading disability

et al. 2007

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The primary objectives of the present study are to introduce the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study of Reading Disability, the first longitudinal twin study in which subjects have been specifically selected for having a history of reading difficulties, and to present some initial assessments of the stability of reading performance and cognitive abilities in this sample. Preliminary examination of the test scores of 124 twins with a history of reading difficulties and 154 twins with no history of reading difficulties indicates that over the 5-to 6-year interval between assessments, cognitive and reading performance are highly stable. As a group, those subjects with a history of reading difficulties had substantial deficits relative to control subjects on all measures at initial assessment, and significant deficits remained at follow-up. The stability noted for all cognitive and achievement measures was highest for a composite measure of reading, whose average stability correlation across groups was 0.80. Results of preliminary behavior genetic analyses for this measure indicated that shared genetic influences accounted for 86% and 49% of the phenotypic correlations between the two assessments for twin pairs with and without reading difficulties, respectively. In addition, genetic correlations reached unity for both groups, suggesting that the same genetic influences are manifested at both time points.

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Genetics of dyslexia: the evolving landscape

Cited by 124 publications

References 98 publications

Behavioral inhibition in children with learning disabilities

Behavioral inhibition in children with learning disabilities

Investigation of interaction between DCDC2 and KIAA0319 in a large German dyslexia sample

Colorado longitudinal twin study of reading disability

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