Genetics of diabetes in Nauru: Effects of foreign admixture, HLA antigens and the insulin-gene-linked polymorphism

Serjeantson, S. W.; Owerbach, David; Zimmet, Paul; Nerup, J.; Thoma, K

doi:10.1007/bf00251889

Cited by 74 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The finding of the Class 3 allele of the insulin gene associating with Type 2 diabetes (relative risk= 4.7; 95% confidence limits of 2.0-11.2) supports similar studies in European Caucasoids [30,31] (UK and Denmark), Japanese subjects [32,33] and American Caucasoids in San Francisco [34]. However, other population studies of American Caucasoids in Los Angeles [171, Pima Indians [35], Punjabi Sikhs [27] and Naurian Indians [36] failed to find the same associations; indeed in one a Class 1 allele association was noted [17]. One explanation is that the primary association is not with Type 2 diabetes but with an associated disorder, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The genetic predisposition to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes

et al. 1989

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Summary. Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (previously known as tropical pancreatic diabetes) is a rare cause of diabetes confined to countries within the tropical belt. The aetiology of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes is thought to be environmental although the agent(s) is unknown. We have investigated a possible genetic basis of this disease by looking for restriction fragment length polymorphisms of genes implicated in the aetiology of diabetes rnellitus. Seventy-six Dravidian patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes were studied, and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms obtained compared to racially matched control subjects (n=94), patients with Type2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes (n=87) and Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes (n = 58). No association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was found with restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the insulin receptor gene. Although no association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was found with polymorphism of the HLA DRc~/DQc~/DXct genes, an association was found with the Taq 1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the DQ[~ gene (DQ[~ T2/T6 present in 39% of patients with fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes compared to 19% in control subjects; p = 0.01 ; corrected p value = 0.04) which is similar to that found in Type 1 but not Type 2 diabetes. An association of fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes was also found with the hypervariable region in the 5-prime flanking region of the insulin gene; 40% of patients possessed the class 3 allele compared to 9.5% of control subjects p = 0.0001 ; corrected p value = 0.0008). In Type 2 diabetes, similar results were obtained with 33% subjects possessing the class 3 allele (t7 value compared to control subjects = 0.0005; corrected p value = 0.004). This study suggests that fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes has a genetic component in its aetiology. Furthermore, its origin might be related to an individual with part of the genetic predisposition to diabetes (Type 1 or Type 2) who additionally has evidence of chronic calcific pancreatitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The genetic predisposition to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes

et al. 1989

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“…Differences in prevalence among persons of mixed racial background from that in parent populations with notably different prevalence of the disease are indicative of the importance of genetic determinants. Such relationships have been described among Nauruans and Pima Indians where full-heritage members of these groups have significantly higher rates of diabetes than those of mixed heritage 60,61 . Similarly, among the Mexican American population of San Antonio, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is related to the degree of American Indian admixture, with higher rates associated with greater proportions of American Indian genes 62 .…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Diet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes

Steyn

Mann

Bennett

et al. 2004

Public Health Nutr.

292

206

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Objectives: The overall objective of this study was to evaluate and provide evidence and recommendations on current published literature about diet and lifestyle in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Design: Epidemiological and experimental studies, focusing on nutritional intervention in the prevention of type 2 diabetes are used to make disease-specific recommendations. Long-term cohort studies are given the most weight as to strength of evidence available. Setting and subjects: Numerous clinical trials and cohort studies in low, middle and high income countries are evaluated regarding recommendations for dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes. These include, among others, the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study, US Diabetes Prevention Program, Da Qing Study; Pima Indian Study; Iowa Women's Health Study; and the study of the US Male Physicians. Results: There is convincing evidence for a decreased risk of diabetes in adults who are physically active and maintain a normal body mass index (BMI) throughout adulthood, and in overweight adults with impaired glucose tolerance who lose weight voluntarily. An increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes is associated with overweight and obesity; abdominal obesity; physical inactivity; and maternal diabetes. It is probable that a high intake of saturated fats and intrauterine growth retardation also contribute to an increased risk, while non-starch polysaccharides are likely to be associated with a decreased risk. From existing evidence it is also possible that omega-3 fatty acids, low glycaemic index foods and exclusive breastfeeding may play a protective role, and that total fat intake and trans fatty acids may contribute to the risk. However, insufficient evidence is currently available to provide convincing proof. Conclusions: Based on the strength of available evidence regarding diet and lifestyle in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, it is recommended that a normal weight status in the lower BMI range (BMI 21 -23) and regular physical activity be maintained throughout adulthood; abdominal obesity be prevented; and saturated fat intake be less than 7% of the total energy intake.

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“…Earlier studies with serologic markers suggested an association between type 2 diabetes and class I (5, 23, 33) or class III (18) but not class II antigens (5) in non-European populations (16,23,29,30). By contrast, for Europeans most studies suggested that there was no HLA association in type 2 diabetes, with the notable exception of two studies on Finnish subjects in which class I (11, 12) and class II antigens (12) were associated with type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptible and Protective Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Alleles and Haplotypes in Bahraini Type 2 (Non-Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Motala

Busson

Al-Harbi

et al. 2005

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Whereas the genetic risk for type 1 diabetes is linked to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, the HLA association in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes is less clear. The association between HLA class II genotypes and type 2 diabetes was examined in adult Bahrainis, an Arab population with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes. HLA-DRB1* and -DQB1* genotyping of 86 unrelated type 2 diabetes patients (age, 51.6 ؎ 8.2 years; mean duration of diabetes, 7.7 ؎ 7.1 years) who had a strong family history of diabetes (52 of 72 versus 0 of 89 for controls, P < 0.001) and 89 healthy subjects was done by PCR-sequence-specific priming.

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Genetics of diabetes in Nauru: Effects of foreign admixture, HLA antigens and the insulin-gene-linked polymorphism

Cited by 74 publications

References 20 publications

The genetic predisposition to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes

The genetic predisposition to fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes

Diet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes

Susceptible and Protective Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Alleles and Haplotypes in Bahraini Type 2 (Non-Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus Patients

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