Genetics of Botrytis cinerea

Angelini, Rita Milvia De Miccolis; Pollastro, Stefania; Faretra, F.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23371-0_3

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Botrytis cinerea is a high-risk plant pathogen due to its high genetic variability, short life cycle, and prolific reproduction (De Miccolis Angelini et al, 2016; Elad et al, 2016). These characteristics also favor the development of fungicide resistance, which reduces the efficacy of specific synthetic fungicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Antagonism Toward Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grapes in Multiple Field Tests Using One Bacillus ginsengihumi Strain and Formulated Biological Control Products

et al. 2019

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Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, is a major disease of wine and table grapes worldwide. Due to negative effects of pesticides on the environment and human health, alternative control strategies against BBR, such as biological control agents (BCAs), are required to produce high-quality grapes and wines with high standards of food safety. However, few biological control products against BBR are available, and their efficacy is sometimes variable. This study aimed to evaluate and compare (1) the efficacy of new bacterial BCA strains developed at INRA Bordeaux and (2) the BBR reductions achieved by commercial biocontrol products that are already registered or close to being registered. During three consecutive seasons, 10 field experiments were established in six different experimental vineyards in southwestern France. Spray applications were performed at key phenological stages (five or six during the season), or at high BBR-risk periods late in the season according to a Disease Risk Index model. At harvest, BBR incidence and severity (% of symptomatic berries per bunch) were visually determined. The experiments included four bacterial strains at an early experimental stage, particularly Bacillus ginsengihumi (S38). Nine commercial BCA products were also tested, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aureobasidium pullulans, Ulocladium oudemansii, and Candida sake. Among the four experimental bacterial strains, only B. ginsengihumi S38 significantly controlled the BBR, presenting reductions in the average severity ranging from 35 to 60%, compared to untreated control, throughout the three seasons. Several commercial BCAs achieved significant reductions in BBR severity ranging from 21 to 58%, although not in every trial. The treatments that achieved higher reductions in severity rates were based on C. sake (45%), B. subtilis (54%), and B. amyloliquefaciens (58%). The efficacy of those BCAs was consistent throughout the studied seasons. The results confirmed the suitability of several biological control products under the conditions in vineyards in southwestern France, while also highlighting the good performance of the novel experimental BCA B. ginsengihumi S38 strain, which achieved similar control rates to the products registered for commercial use. The major factors involved in the variability in the results are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Antagonism Toward Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grapes in Multiple Field Tests Using One Bacillus ginsengihumi Strain and Formulated Biological Control Products

et al. 2019

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“…More detailed information on the real extent of heterokaryosis in the field should be collected to confirm this finding. It must be pointed out that other factors besides those investigated in the present study (e.g., transposons) could indeed contribute to increase the genetic variability (De Miccolis Angelini et al ., 2016) and that sexual reproduction between clades should be assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of different hosts in the vineyard ecosystem could possibly promote genetic variability in B . cinerea , which is known to possess a very high genetic diversity (De Miccolis Angelini et al ., 2016) that originates from several features, among which are heterokaryosis (Korolev and Elad, 2016) and sexual reproduction. Thanks to fusion between hyphae (anastomosis), different fungal colonies are capable of forming a heterokaryon, in which genetically different nuclei may coexist in a common cytoplasm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexual reproduction also faces genetic regulation, as B . cinerea possesses a prevalently heterothallic mating system, where sexual compatibility is controlled by a single mating type locus ( MAT1 ) with two idiomorphs: MAT1‐1 and MAT1‐2 (Faretra et al ., 1988; De Miccolis Angelini et al ., 2016). Fruiting bodies (apothecia) are rarely observed in nature, but cryptic sexual reproduction is likely to be occurring, as demonstrated by the low proportion of clones, low level of linkage disequilibrium, and analogous frequencies of strains harbouring the two mating types observed in field populations (Fournier and Giraud, 2008; Vercesi et al ., 2014; Shaw et al ., 2016; Campia et al ., 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A molecular epidemiology study reveals the presence of identical genotypes on grapevines and ground cover weeds and the existence of separate genetic groups in a Botrytis cinerea population

et al. 2020

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Botrytis cinerea, the grey mould agent, is one of the most important pathogens of grapevine, due to the great yield losses caused and the economic costs related to disease control. Ground cover plants are assumed to have a role in the complex epidemiology of the pathogen, even if no information on the genetic variability of the strains is available. In this study, a molecular epidemiology approach, based on the comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of multiple genes (ITS1‐ITS2, G3PDH, NEP1, NEP2, BC‐hch, and sdhB), was used to evaluate whether B. cinerea isolated from herbaceous species contributes to grey mould diffusion on grapevines. From 330 samples collected in two vineyards in Lombardy, Italy, 63 B. cinerea strains were isolated from tissues of grapevine with symptoms (50 strains) and spontaneous ground cover plants (13 strains). Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Cardamine impatiens, Lamium purpureum, and Crepis tectorum were identified as novel B. cinerea hosts. Sequence analysis and phylogeny showed that the same genotypes were present on both grapevines and herbaceous plants, with no fitness (estimated from growth and sporulation on potato dextrose agar) or pathogenicity (on grapevine leaves and berries, and tomato leaves) penalties. This confirms that ground cover plants can be a source of inoculum for B. cinerea on grapevine. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the BC‐hch gene allowed the identification of two genetically distinct clusters, characterized by vegetative incompatibility and different distributions of the mating types, fitness, and pathogenicity. Therefore, B. cinerea seems to be composed of two diverging subpopulations that do not differ for host specialization.

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“…The economic importance of the pathogen is due to the fact that it infects B. cinerea is a genetic example in the study of genetic variation and diversity in phytopathogenic fungi [2]. The global cost of protecting crops from Botrytis cinerea infection in 2013 was estimated at approximately $310 million [3]. These genetic variations in the pathogenic fungus community led to its ability to infect many different plant hosts of vegetables and fruits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Botrytis Cinerea Which Caused Gray Mold Disease in Strawberry and Some Other Vegetable Plants

Ahmed,

Abed

2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The study aimed to isolate and identification the fungus Botrytis cinerea that caused gray mold disease, depending on its morphological and molecular characterizations. The results of isolation on PDA showed that 75 pure isolates were obtained from The pathogenic fungus B. cinerea is distributed as follows: Strawberry (45) isolates, eggplant (11) isolates, squash (3) isolates, cucumber (3) isolates, pepper (9) isolates, and tomato (4) isolates. DNA was extracted from 17 isolates of pathogenic fungus B. cinerea, the results of electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel, which included 17 isolates distributed in crops (strawberry 11 isolates, eggplant 4 isolates, squash and tomato one isolate each) was detected at 550 base pair(bp) of all the isolates using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. The results of detection and investigation of genetic variation of pathogenic Fungi isolates were clarified by determining the degree of kinship and drawing a phylogenetic tree An evolutionary and relationship tree was drawn using Snap Gene Viewer, When performing Allayment analysis of the isolates, the results showed that the isolates bearing the symbols (S3,S2,S1) isolated from strawberry fruits were identical to the SMGM003 strain registered in South Korea with a percentage of 100%, and isolates (S6,S5,S4) isolated from strawberry fruits are identical to the strain WMG recorded in South Korea, and isolates (S10,S9,S8) isolated from strawberry fruits are identical to the strain CIM13704 registered in China, and isolates (S11) isolated from strawberry fruits.

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Genetics of Botrytis cinerea

Cited by 13 publications

References 73 publications

Microbial Antagonism Toward Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grapes in Multiple Field Tests Using One Bacillus ginsengihumi Strain and Formulated Biological Control Products

Microbial Antagonism Toward Botrytis Bunch Rot of Grapes in Multiple Field Tests Using One Bacillus ginsengihumi Strain and Formulated Biological Control Products

A molecular epidemiology study reveals the presence of identical genotypes on grapevines and ground cover weeds and the existence of separate genetic groups in a Botrytis cinerea population

Genetic Diversity of Botrytis Cinerea Which Caused Gray Mold Disease in Strawberry and Some Other Vegetable Plants

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