Genetics, genomics and breeding of groundnut (Arachis hypogaeaL.)

Abstract

Groundnut is an important food and oil crop in the semiarid tropics, contributing to household food consumption and cash income. In Asia and Africa, yields are low attributed to various production constraints. This review paper highlights advances in genetics, genomics and breeding to improve the productivity of groundnut. Genetic studies concerning inheritance, genetic variability and heritability, combining ability and trait correlations have provided a better understanding of the crop's genetics to develop appropriate breeding strategies for target traits. Several improved lines and sources of variability have been identified or developed for various economically important traits through conventional breeding. Significant advances have also been made in groundnut genomics including genome sequencing, marker development and genetic and trait mapping. These advances have led to a better understanding of the groundnut genome, discovery of genes/variants for traits of interest and integration of marker‐assisted breeding for selected traits. The integration of genomic tools into the breeding process accompanied with increased precision of yield trialing and phenotyping will increase the efficiency and enhance the genetic gain for release of improved groundnut varieties.

Evaluation and Release of Two Peanut Cultivars: A Case Study of Partnerships in Ghana

“…Improving seed storage and delivery strategies and maintaining the purity and quality that ensure high germination and seedling vigor have the potential to increase peanut production and profitability in Ghana, especially when combined with improved cultivars like Otuhia and Yenyawoso. These cultivars may also provide traits that are valuable for future releases of cultivars through breeding programs in Ghana (Desmae et al, 2018;Gaikpa et al, 2015).…”

Advances in Crop Improvement and Delivery Research for Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

“…J 11 and 55-437, released in West Africa are known to accumulate low pre-harvest levels of aflatoxin (Mayeux et al, 2003). However, no aflatoxin resistant varieties have been released yet (Arias et al, 2018;Desmae et al, 2019).…”

Past, Present and Future Perspectives on Groundnut Breeding in Burkina Faso

“…The creation of ICRISAT in 1972 and nomination of groundnut as a mandate crop in 1976 [45] added momentum to research on groundnut [3,46]. Major constraints to production were identified [47], including pests [39,48], diseases [10,49], drought and aflatoxins [50][51][52][53].…”