Genetics and molecular biology of Streptomyces bacteriophages

Lomovskaya, Natalie; Chater, Keith F.; Mkrtumian, N M

doi:10.1128/mr.44.2.206-229.1980

Cited by 78 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…3). The length of these periods is not exceptional compared to many other actinophages [7]. The mean of burst size was estimated to be 1.61 for φS and 3.75 pfu for φL.…”

Section: Adsorption Rate Constant Of the Two Isolated Phagesmentioning

confidence: 83%

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From yeast genetics to biotechnology

Maráz

2002

Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica Hungarica

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Roots of classical yeast genetics go back to the early work of Lindegreen in the 1930s, who studied thallism, sporulation and inheritance of wine yeast strains belonging to S. cerevisiae. Consequent mutation and hybridization of heterothallic S. cerevisae strains resulted in the discovery of life cycle and mating type system, as well as construction of the genetic map. Elaboration of induced mutation and controlled hybridization of yeast strains opened up new possibilities for the genetic analysis of technologically important properties and for the production of improved industrial strains, but a big drawback was the widely different genetic properties of laboratory and industrial yeast strains. Genetic analysis and mapping of industrial strains were generally hindered because of homothallism, poor sporulation and/or low spore viability of brewing and wine yeast strains [1, 2]. In spite of this, there are a few examples of the application of sexual hybridization in the study of genetic control of important technological properties, e.g. sugar utilization, flocculation and flavor production in brewing yeast strains [3] or in the improvement of ethanol producing S. cerevisiae strains [4]. Rare mating and application of karyogamy deficient (kar-) mutants also proved useful in strain improvement [5]. Importance of yeasts in biotechnology is enormous. This includes food and beverage fermentation processes where a wide range of yeast species are playing role, but S. cerevisiae is undoubtedly the most important species among them. New biotechnology is aiming to improve these technologies, but besides this, a completely new area of yeast utilization has been emerged, especially in the pharmaceutical and medical areas. Without decreasing the importance of S. cerevisiae, numerous other yeast species, e.g. Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, Pichia pastoris, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Yarrowia lipolytica have gained increasing potentialities in the modern fermentation biotechnology [6]. Developments in yeast genetics, biochemistry, physiology and process engineering provided bases of rapid development in modern biotechnology, but elaboration of the recombinant DNA technique is far the most important milestone in this field. Other molecular genetic techniques, as molecular genotyping of yeast strains proved also very beneficial in yeast fermentation technologies, because dynamics of both the natural and inoculated yeast biota could be followed by these versatile DNA-based techniques.

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“…3). The length of these periods is not exceptional compared to many other actinophages [7]. The mean of burst size was estimated to be 1.61 for φS and 3.75 pfu for φL.…”

Section: Adsorption Rate Constant Of the Two Isolated Phagesmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Viruses which infect members of the actinomycete are called actinophages. Actinophages have been played an important role as taxonomic tools for phage typing of streptomycetes [4][5][6], and for the examination of host restriction barriers [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From yeast genetics to biotechnology

Maráz

2002

Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica Hungarica

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“…However, this model did not take into account the role of the 54 kDa isoform (required for immunity to øC31c∆28) or the other CIR sites. Entry into the lytic pathway regulated by the repressor-operator interaction at CIR6 alone does not explain the observed difficulty in obtaining virulent mutants of øC31 (30). So what are the roles of the 54 and 42 kDa isoforms and the numerous CIR sites in this repression system?…”

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confidence: 99%

Oligomeric properties and DNA binding specificities of repressor isoforms from the Streptomyces bacteriophage oC31

Wilson¹,

Smith²

1998

Nucleic Acids Research

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Three protein isoforms (74, 54 and 42 kDa) are expressed from repressor gene c in the Streptomyces temperate bacteriophage phiC31. Because expression of the two smaller isoforms, 54 and 42 kDa, is sufficient for superinfection immunity, the interaction between these isoforms was studied. The native 42 kDa repressor (Nat42) and an N-terminally 6x histidine-tagged 54 kDa isoform (His54) were shown by co-purification on a Ni-NTA column to interact in Streptomyces lividans . In vitro three repressor preparations, containing Nat42, His54 and the native 54 and 42 kDa isoforms expressed together (Nat54&42), were subjected to chemical crosslinking and gel filtration analysis. Homo- and hetero-tetramers were observed. Previous work showed that the smallest isoform bound to 17 bp operators containing aconservedinvertedrepeat (CIR) and that the CIRs were located at 16 loci throughout the phiC31 genome. One of the CIRs (CIR6) is believed to be critical for regulating the lytic pathway. The DNA binding activities of the three repressor preparations were studied using fragments containing CIRs (CIR3-CIR6) from the essential early region as templates for DNase I footprinting. Whereas Nat42 bound to CIR6, poorly to CIR5 but undetectably to CIR3 or CIR4, the Nat54&42 preparation could bind to all CIRs tested, albeit poorly to CIR3 and CIR4. The His54 isoform bound all CIRs tested. Isoforms expressed from the phiC31 repressor gene, like those which are expressed from many eukaryotic transcription factor genes, apparently have different binding specificities.

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“…The restriction enzyme analysis has been studied in other actinophages (4,5,9), and partial or complete restriction enzyme maps have been obtained (1,3,11,15,19). The success of application of phages to cloning of foreign DNA depends on the isolation of deletion mutants.…”

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confidence: 99%

Restriction enzyme mapping of the DNA of Streptomyces bacteriophage B alpha and its deletion derivatives

Ishiguro¹,

Nakano²,

Ogawara³

1982

J Bacteriol

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Cleavage analysis of actinophage B alpha DNA was done with several restriction enzymes, and a restriction map of the DNA was determined. The DNA appeared to carry cohesive ends. Deletion mutants of actinophage B alpha were isolated by five cycles of treatment with 15 mM PPi. Both mutants had deletions of 2.5 of 1.8 megadaltons near one end of the genome, and one of them lost the single EcoRI cleavage site.

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Genetics and molecular biology of Streptomyces bacteriophages

Cited by 78 publications

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From yeast genetics to biotechnology

From yeast genetics to biotechnology

Oligomeric properties and DNA binding specificities of repressor isoforms from the Streptomyces bacteriophage oC31

Restriction enzyme mapping of the DNA of Streptomyces bacteriophage B alpha and its deletion derivatives

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