Genetics and Genomics of Fruit Color Development in Apple

Wang, Nan; Chen, Xuesen

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74682-7_13

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 149 publications

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“…Recent studies, established by the analysis of a different set of apple genotypes as well as the transgenic 'Royal Gala', allowed for investigating new genes such as MdJa2, MdNAC, WD40, bHLH and SEPALLATA, and MADS-box transcription factors, involved in brassinosteroids accumulation and affecting anthocyanin and proantocyanidins (PA) biosynthesis. MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW; a composition of R2R3-MYB and WD transcription factors) was described as a part of the transcriptional complex of the regulation of anthocyanin structural genes [7,12,17,27,28]. Simultaneously, current studies have also confirmed that transcription factors such as MYB17, MYB111, MYBL2 and MYB16, interacting with HLH33 and HB1 may negatively regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In this regard, previous research by Sohn et al and summarized by Wang and Chang explained the role of JA in the regulation of secondary metabolites, plant defense response, and organ development [7,40]. Moreover, later studies by Qi, An, and coworkers showed that the activation of MYB and bHLH significantly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation in A. thaliana and it is promoted by complex mechanisms, including the degradation of a repressor protein (the so-called JA ZIM DOMAIN) [34,41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…niedzwetzkyana [6]. As red fruits are highly attractive to consumers and often associated with apple ripeness and good flavor, their pigmentation becomes an important trait in horticultural research [2,7]. However, there are only a few breeding programs focused on developing new red-fleshed cultivars with high-quality fruits [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Keller-Przybylkowicz,

Oskiera,

Liu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The red flesh coloration of apples is a result of a biochemical pathway involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins. Based on apple genome analysis, a high number of regulatory genes, mainly transcription factors such as MYB, which are components of regulatory complex MYB-bHLH-WD40, and several structural genes (PAL, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, ANS, UFGT) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, have been identified. In this study, we investigated novel genes related to the red-flesh apple phenotype. These genes could be deemed molecular markers for the early selection of new apple cultivars. Based on a comparative transcriptome analysis of apples with different fruit-flesh coloration, we successfully identified and characterized ten potential genes from the plant hormone transduction pathway of auxin (GH3); cytokinins (B-ARR); gibberellins (DELLA); abscisic acid (SnRK2 and ABF); brassinosteroids (BRI1, BZR1 and TCH4); jasmonic acid (MYC2); and salicylic acid (NPR1). An analysis of expression profiles was performed in immature and ripe fruits of red-fleshed cultivars. We have uncovered genes mediating the regulation of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid signaling and described their role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, accumulation, and degradation. The presented results underline the relationship between genes from the hormone signal transduction pathway and UFGT genes, which are directly responsible for anthocyanin color transformation as well as anthocyanin accumulation during apple-fruit ripening.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Keller-Przybylkowicz,

Oskiera,

Liu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…This appealing phenotype [14] originates from a wild species of Malus sieversii [15] and is studied for its innovative aspects and potential health benefits [16,17]. The genetic basis of flesh colour development has been characterised [18][19][20] in apple but current models do not explain the observed variations in intensity and pigment distribution. Studies have revealed a large diversity of phenolic compounds among red-flesh apple cultivars [21,22], as well as their seasonal variability [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity

Bouillon,

Fanciullino,

Belin

et al. 2024

Plant Methods

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Background The genetic basis of colour development in red-flesh apples (Malus domestica Borkh) has been widely characterised; however, current models do not explain the observed variations in red pigmentation intensity and distribution. Available methods to evaluate the red-flesh trait rely on the estimation of an average overall colour using a discrete class notation index. However, colour variations among red-flesh cultivars are continuous while development of red colour is non-homogeneous and genotype-dependent. A robust estimation of red-flesh colour intensity and distribution is essential to fully capture the diversity among genotypes and provide a basis to enable identification of loci influencing the red-flesh trait. Results In this study, we developed a multivariable approach to evaluate the red-flesh trait in apple. This method was implemented to study the phenotypic diversity in a segregating hybrid F1 family (91 genotypes). We developed a Python pipeline based on image and colour analysis to quantitatively dissect the red-flesh pigmentation from RGB (Red Green Blue) images and compared the efficiency of RGB and CIEL*a*b* colour spaces in discriminating genotypes previously classified with a visual notation. Chemical destructive methods, including targeted-metabolite analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (UPLC-UV), were performed to quantify major phenolic compounds in fruits’ flesh, as well as pH and water contents. Multivariate analyses were performed to study covariations of biochemical factors in relation to colour expression in CIEL*a*b* colour space. Our results indicate that anthocyanin, flavonol and flavanol concentrations, as well as pH, are closely related to flesh pigmentation in apple. Conclustion Extraction of colour descriptors combined to chemical analyses helped in discriminating genotypes in relation to their flesh colour. These results suggest that the red-flesh trait in apple is a complex trait associated with several biochemical factors.

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Apples: Role of Nutraceutical Compounds

Korban

2023

Compendium of Crop Genome Designing for Nutraceuticals

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Genetics and Genomics of Fruit Color Development in Apple

Cited by 4 publications

References 149 publications

Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Transcriptome Analysis of White- and Red-Fleshed Apple Fruits Uncovered Novel Genes Related to the Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Image analysis and polyphenol profiling unveil red-flesh apple phenotype complexity

Apples: Role of Nutraceutical Compounds

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