Genetics and Genomics of Carrot Sugars and Polyacetylenes

Cavagnaro, Pablo Federico

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03389-7_17

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Total sugar content ranged from 3 to 8%, in this study and both genotype and environment have been reported to influence sugar content in previous research ( 86 , 87 ) so all these multiple factors must be monitored to improve carrot quality ( 88 ). The relative magnitude of vitamin C, moisture, crude fat, crude protein and carbohydrates for β-carotene synthesis observed with path analysis support reports by Cavagnaro ( 89 ) and Yadav et al ( 90 ) where the authors explained that these factors also contribute to the enhancement of total dissolved solids and dry matter and also influences the processing quality of carrot.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development of Carrot Nutraceutical Products as an Alternative Supplement for the Prevention of Nutritional Diseases

et al. 2022

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Nutraceuticals can serve as an alternative supplement to overcome nutritional deficiency for a healthy lifestyle. They can also play a key role in disease management. To develop carrot nutraceutical products, 64 genotypes from four different continents were evaluated for a range of morpho-nutrition variables. Genetic variability, heritability, strength and direction of association among variables, and direct and indirect relationships among physiochemical and nutritional traits with β-carotene content were evaluated. Core diameter, foliage weight, root weight and shoulder weight showed significant association with β-carotene accumulation. Principal component analysis for physiochemical and nutritional assessment divided these genotypes into two distinctive groups, Eastern carrots and Western carrots. Caloric and moisture content had high positive associations with β-carotene content while carbohydrate content was negatively associated. Five genotypes (T-29, PI 634658, PI 288765, PI 164798, and Ames 25043) with the highest β-carotene contents were selected for making three nutraceutical supplements (carrot-orange juice, carrot jam and carrot candies). These nutraceutical supplements retained high β-carotene content coupled with antioxidant properties. Carrot jam (6.5 mg/100 g) and carrot candies (4.8 mg/100 g) had greater concentrations of β-carotene than carrot-orange juice (1.017 mg/100 g). Carrot jam presented high antioxidant activity with the highest values in T-29 (39% inhibition of oxidation) followed by PI 634658 (37%), PI 164798 (36.5%), Ames 25043 (36%) and PI 288765 (35.5%). These nutraceutical products, with 4–6.5 mg/100 g β-carotene content, had higher values than the USDA recommended dietary intake of 3–6 mg β-carotene/day can be recommended for daily use to lower the risk of chronic disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Development of Carrot Nutraceutical Products as an Alternative Supplement for the Prevention of Nutritional Diseases

et al. 2022

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“…Many studies indicate that the genetic basis plays a leading part on nutritional and sensory quality related compounds [15], compared to the environment and growing practices. Recent reviews have assessed the knowledge progress made on the genetic control of major compounds in carrot such as carotenoids [16], terpenes [17], sugars and polyacetylenes [18], highlighting new critical genes. It is well known that environment conditions influence metabolic plant profile [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisite evaluation of phenotypic plasticity for specialized metabolites, some involved in carrot quality and disease resistance

et al. 2021

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Renewed consumer demand motivates the nutritional and sensory quality improvement of fruits and vegetables. Specialized metabolites being largely involved in nutritional and sensory quality of carrot, a better knowledge of their phenotypic variability is required. A metabolomic approach was used to evaluate phenotypic plasticity level of carrot commercial varieties, over three years and a wide range of cropping environments spread over several geographical areas in France. Seven groups of metabolites have been quantified by HPLC or GC methods: sugars, carotenoids, terpenes, phenolic compounds, phenylpropanoids and polyacetylenes. A large variation in root metabolic profiles was observed, in relation with environment, variety and variety by environment interaction effects in decreasing order of importance. Our results show a clear diversity structuration based on metabolite content. Polyacetylenes, β-pinene and α-carotene were identified mostly as relatively stable varietal markers, exhibiting static stability. Nevertheless, environment effect was substantial for a large part of carrot metabolic profile and various levels of phenotypic plasticity were observed depending on metabolites and varieties. A strong difference of environmental sensitivity between varieties was observed for several compounds, particularly myristicin, 6MM and D-germacrene, known to be involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stress. This work provides useful information about plasticity in the perspective of carrot breeding and production. A balance between constitutive content and environmental sensitivity for key metabolites should be reached for quality improvement in carrot and other vegetables.

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“…In general, solid purple carrots have a greater concentration of total phenolics, non-anthocyanin phenolics, and chlorogenic acid, and greater antioxidant capacity than orange, red, yellow, and white carrots [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Variation in the carrot germplasm for concentration and composition of other phytochemical classes with health-enhancing properties has been reported for polyacetylenes [ 10 ] and terpenes [ 11 ]. Altogether, such genetic and compositional diversity has contributed to broadening the varietal and nutritional spectra offered to carrot consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential and Cultivar-Dependent Antioxidant Response of Whole and Fresh-Cut Carrots of Different Root Colors to Postharvest UV-C Radiation

Valerga

González

Pérez

et al. 2023

Plants

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Fresh-cut produce have become widely popular, increasing vegetable consumption in many parts of the word. However, they are more perishable than unprocessed fresh vegetables, requiring cold storage to preserve their quality and palatability. In addition to cold storage, UV radiation has been used experimentally to try to increase nutritional quality and postharvest shelf life, revealing increased antioxidant levels in some fruits and vegetables, including orange carrots. Carrot is one of the main whole and fresh-cut vegetables worldwide. In addition to orange carrots, other root color phenotypes (e.g., purple, yellow, red) are becoming increasingly popular in some markets. The effect of the UV radiation and cold storage has not been explored in these root phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of postharvest UV-C radiation in whole and fresh-cut (sliced and shredded) roots of two purple, one yellow, and one orange-rooted cultivar, with regard to changes in concentration of total phenolics (TP) and hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), total and individual anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and ABTS), and superficial color appearance, monitoring such changes during cold storage. Results revealed that the UV-C radiation, the fresh-cut processing, and the cold storage influenced the content of antioxidant compounds and activities to varying extents, depending on the carrot cultivar, the degree of processing, and the phytochemical compound analyzed. UV-C radiation increased antioxidant capacity up to 2.1, 3.8, 2.5-folds; TP up to 2.0, 2.2, and 2.1-folds; and CGA up to 3.2, 6.6, and 2.5-folds, relative to UV-C untreated controls, for orange, yellow, and purple carrots, respectively. Anthocyanin levels were not significantly modified by the UV-C in both purple carrots evaluated. A moderate increase in tissue browning was found in some fresh-cut processed UV-C treated samples of yellow and purple but not orange roots. These data suggest variable potential for increasing functional value by UV-C radiation in different carrot root colors.

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Genetics and Genomics of Carrot Sugars and Polyacetylenes

Cited by 6 publications

References 86 publications

Development of Carrot Nutraceutical Products as an Alternative Supplement for the Prevention of Nutritional Diseases

Development of Carrot Nutraceutical Products as an Alternative Supplement for the Prevention of Nutritional Diseases

Multisite evaluation of phenotypic plasticity for specialized metabolites, some involved in carrot quality and disease resistance

Differential and Cultivar-Dependent Antioxidant Response of Whole and Fresh-Cut Carrots of Different Root Colors to Postharvest UV-C Radiation

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