Genetics and extinction

Frankham, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.002

Cited by 1,910 publications

(1,359 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…These results, together with the detrimental consequences of low heterozygosity reported in several species including that studied here (Ortego et al 2007a,b), may help to explain the poorer reproductive performance and reduced long-term persistence of the small size and isolated populations (Saccheri et al 1998;Madsen et al 1999;Spielman et al 2004;Frankham 2005). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…In natural populations, many empirical studies have also provided supporting evidence for a positive relationship between individual genetic diversity measured at neutral markers and different components of fitness, including disease resistance (Acevedo-Whitehouse et al 2003Ortego et al 2007a), fecundity (Ortego et al 2007b) and survival probability (Hoffman et al 2004;Markert et al 2004), although the possible role of inbreeding in such correlations has been recently put into question (Balloux et al 2004;Pemberton 2004). At the population level, low genetic diversity is suspected to reduce the ability of populations to respond to novel and changing environmental conditions ( Willi et al 2006) and compromise their long-term viability (Saccheri et al 1998;Westemeier et al 1998;Nieminen et al 2001;Spielman et al 2004;Frankham 2005). The level of genetic variation within a population depends on a balance between mutation, natural selection, genetic drift, inbreeding and gene flow, the last four factors being closely linked to the size and spatial isolation of populations (Frankham 1996;Hedrick 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…From a genetic point of view, organisms with a metapopulation structure generally show effective population sizes that are much smaller than the number of mature individuals (Gilpin 1991;Hedrick 1996;Amos & Harwood 1998). This has special relevance for small and isolated subpopulations, because they are theoretically more likely to exhibit reduced genetic diversity and may be more prone to extinction from genetic and stochastic processes than larger and better connected ones (Frankham 1995(Frankham , 2005Saccheri et al 1998;Nieminen et al 2001;Spielman et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual genetic diversity correlates with the size and spatial isolation of natal colonies in a bird metapopulation

et al. 2008

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The genetic consequences of small population size and isolation are of central concern in both population and conservation biology. Organisms with a metapopulation structure generally show effective population sizes that are much smaller than the number of mature individuals and this can reduce genetic diversity especially in small sized and isolated subpopulations. Here, we examine the association between heterozygosity and the size and spatial isolation of natal colonies in a metapopulation of lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni ). For this purpose, we used capture-mark-recapture data to determine the patterns of immigration into the studied colonies, and 11 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers that allowed us to estimate genetic diversity of locally born individuals. We found that individuals born in smaller and more isolated colonies were genetically less diverse. These colonies received a lower number of immigrants, supporting the idea that both reduced gene flow and small population size are responsible for the genetic pattern observed. Our results are particularly intriguing because the lesser kestrel is a vagile and migratory species with great movement capacity and dispersal potential. Overall, this study provides evidence of the association between individual heterozygosity and the size and spatial isolation of natal colonies in a highly mobile vertebrate showing relatively frequent dispersal and low genetic differentiation among local subpopulations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual genetic diversity correlates with the size and spatial isolation of natal colonies in a bird metapopulation

et al. 2008

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“…The capacity of corals at subtropical reefs to survive disturbances, such as mass bleaching, disease, crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) outbreaks or chronic stressors such as rapidly changing SSTs and ocean chemistry, will depend partly on their population genetic structure, as remote populations are predicted to have small effective population sizes, low genetic diversity and to suffer from inbreeding. Low genetic diversity reflects limited adaptive potential (Gates & Edmunds 1999;Frankham 2005), and inbreeding can significantly reduce fitness and increase the risk of extinction (Crnokrak & Roff 1999;Bijlsma et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and connectivity in a brooding reef coral at the limit of its distribution

2009

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Remote populations are predicted to be vulnerable owing to their isolation from potential source reefs, and usually low population size and associated increased extinction risk. We investigated genetic diversity, population subdivision and connectivity in the brooding reef coral Seriatopora hystrix at the limits of its Eastern Australian (EA) distribution and three sites in the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Over the approximately 1270 km survey range, high levels of population subdivision were detected (global F ST ¼ 0.224), with the greatest range in pairwise F ST values observed among the three southernmost locations: Lord Howe Island, Elizabeth Reef and Middleton Reef. Flinders Reef, located between the GBR and the more southerly offshore reefs, was highly isolated and showed the signature of a recent bottleneck. High pairwise F ST values and the presence of multiple genetic clusters indicate that EA subtropical coral populations have been historically isolated from each other and the GBR. One putative first-generation migrant was detected from the GBR into the EA subtropics. Occasional long-distance dispersal is supported by changes in species composition at these high-latitude reefs and the occurrence of new species records over the past three decades. While subtropical populations exhibited significantly lower allelic richness than their GBR counterparts, genetic diversity was still moderately high. Furthermore, subtropical populations were not inbred and had a considerable number of private alleles. The results suggest that these high-latitude S. hystrix populations are supplemented by infrequent longdistance migrants from the GBR and may have adequate population sizes to maintain viability and resist severe losses of genetic diversity.

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“…Subsequently, several other studies have supported Crnokrak and Roff's (1999) conclusions (Keller and Waller, 2002;Frankham, 2005). For example, hatching failure rates across 99 species of birds increased with the genetic similarity of parents (Spottiswoode and M ller, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Inbreeding in the wild really does matter

Frankham

2009

Heredity

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Genetics and extinction

Cited by 1,910 publications

References 89 publications

Individual genetic diversity correlates with the size and spatial isolation of natal colonies in a bird metapopulation

Individual genetic diversity correlates with the size and spatial isolation of natal colonies in a bird metapopulation

Genetic diversity and connectivity in a brooding reef coral at the limit of its distribution

Inbreeding in the wild really does matter

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