Genetics and cytology of unreduced gametes in cultivated rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.)

Lelley, T.; Mahmoud, Ahmed A.; Lein, Volker

doi:10.1139/g87-106

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thus, the plant which produced S4374-8 and 54374-21 may genetically tend to produce some unreduced female gametes. The existence of such a plant is supported by the recent finding of an inbred genotype of rye which produced unreduced gametes (Lelley et al 1987). Ex perience has also shown that some clones or genetic stocks produce many more unreduced gametes than others in various genera (Harlan and de Wet 1975).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spontaneous triploids of rye collected in Turkey.

1989

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Cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) is known as a diploid plant species having 14 chromo somes. As exceptional examples, its triploids have been reported: spontaneous triploids from twin plants (Muntzing 1937, Lamm 1944, a triploid naturally occurring from a diploid population with four B chromosomes (Kishikawa 1966) and artificially induced triploids (Kostoff 1939, Breslavetz 1940, Pilch 1978, Benavente and Orellana 1984.In 1982, the spike samples of rye were collected in Greece and Turkey by the members of the Kyoto University Ethnobotany Team (Sakamoto 1986). Using these samples, the geographical distribution and frequency of rye plants with B chromosomes were examined. During this examination, three triploids with 21 chromosomes were found. This paper deals with their cytology and morphology and discusses their origin. Materials and methodsForty-one accessions of rye (S4351 to S4391) were originally collected as spike samples at wheat fields in Greece and Turkey (only two accessions, S4352 and S4353, were collected at a rye field) (Sakamoto 1986). Six (S4351 to S4356) of them were collected at five sites in Greece and 35 (S4357 to S4391) at 19 sites in Turkey (Fig. 1). Each accession was comprised by all grains obtained from one spike. From 190 grains of the Greek samples sown 180 plants were obtained, and from 1,118 grains of the Turkish samples 892 plants were obtained.The chromosome number of these 1,072 plants was checked at the first metaphase of meiosis (MI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs) using the acetocarmine smear method. Chro mosome pairing at MI was also observed using the acetocarmine squash method. Pollen fertility was assessed from the percentage of pollen grains not only that were round but also with a cytoplasm well stainable with glycerine carmine. Results and discussionOf 1,072 rye plants observed, three plants were triploids but the remaining were all di -ploids. One (S4364-51) of the triploids was found in the accession collected from site A at 47.3 km from Sungurlu to the northwest, on the way to cankiri in Turkey, and the others (S4374-8 and S4374-21) from site B at 34.4 km from Erzurum to the west, on the way to Erzincan in Turkey (Fig. 1). The frequency of occurrence of spontaneous rye triploids under cultivation in Turkey was 0.34% (3/892) in all, and they were of independent origin at two different sites. All of them were derivatives from not twin plants but single plants, whereas spontaneous triploids were occasionally detected as a pair to twin plants in many grasses (Muntzing 1937). Whether or not the frequency of occurrence of spontaneous triploids from single plants is high is not certain. Further cytological data on rye cultivated at many regions in the world are needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spontaneous triploids of rye collected in Turkey.

1989

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“…This finally results in pollen grains with the same DNA content (2n in the case of dyads or triads) or a doubled DNA content (4n in the case of monads) compared to the somatic 2n plant cell. Premeiotic and postmeiotic chromosome doubling and cytomixis have also been proposed as possible mechanisms for the production of 2n gametes (Bastiaanssen et al, 1998;Falistocco et al, 1995;Ghaffari, 2006;Lelley et al, 1987;Singhal & Kumar, 2008).…”

Section: N Gametes: Mechanisms and Genetic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples in maize (Zea mays; Rhoades & Dempsey, 1966), potato (Solanum tuberosum; Mok & Peloquin, 1975b;Veilleux, 1985;Watanabe & Peloquin, 1989), red clover (Trifolium pratense; Parrot & Smith, 1986), rye (Secale cereale; Lelley et al, 1987), alfalfa (Medicago sativa; Barcaccia et al, 2000;Ortiz & Peloquin, 1991) and banana (Musa; Ortiz, 1997) have shown the complexity of the genetic base of 2n gamete formation. Often, one major locus is responsible for 2n gamete formation while several other genes controls its frequency.…”

Section: N Gametes: Mechanisms and Genetic Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of 2n Gametes in Plant Breeding

Dewitte¹,

Laere²,

Huylenbroeck³

2012

Plant Breeding

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“…The analysis of micro-and megasporogenesis provides a useful method of estimating the frequency of 2n gamete production (Jongedijk, 1985;Stelly & Peloquin, 1986fl;Lelley, Mahmoud & Lein, 1987;Werner & Peloquin, 1987;Shoemaker-Megalos & Ballington, 1988;Orjeda et al, 1990;Tavoletti, Mariani & Veronesi, 1991 o). The estimation of the frequency of 2n gametes usually involves techniques to stain and clear fixed ovaries or anthers (see Stelly et al, 1984;Stelly & Peloquin, 1985 ;Tavoletti et al 1991a; for technical details).…”

Section: The Analysis Of Micro-and Megasporogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wagenvoort et al, 1990Lelley et al, 1987Ramanna, 1983Iwanaga, 1984;Werner & Peloquin, 1987;Jongedijk & Ramanna, 1988;Watanabe & Peloquin, 1993Parrott & Smith, 1984Rabe & Haufler, 1992Vorsa, 1986in Ortiz et al, 1992Nassar, 1992Simpson & Davis, 1983 Werner & Peloquin, 1991a Mok & Peloquin, 1975 Stelly & Peloquin, 1986;Watanabe & Peloquin, 1989;Werner & Peloquin, 1987;Zhang et al, 1988Vorsa, 1986in Ortiz et al, 1992Werner & Peloquin, 1987Sala et al, 1989Zhang et al, 1988Nassar, 1992Ray & Tokach, 1992Mok & Peloquin, 1975Ramanna, 1978;Camadro & Peloquin, 1980;Iwanaga & Peloquin, 1982;Watanabe & Peloquin, 1989;Masuelli et al, 1992 Jones, 1990Orjeda et al, 1990Zhang et al, 1988Vorsa & Bingham, 1979Bingham & McCoy, 1979;Tavoletti et al, 1991aMyers et al, 1984Parrott & Smith, 1984Werner & Peloquin, 1991aRay & Tokach, 1992Werner & Peloquin, 1987Wagenvoort et al, 1990…”

Section: Cytological Aspects Of 2n Gamete Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gametes with the somatic chromosome number: mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants

1995

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summary The production of 2n gametes in plants, i.e. gametes with a somatic chromosome number, is considered to be the dominant process involved in the origin of polyploid plants. In this review, we provide a synthesis of current knowledge concerning the production of 2n gametes. Firstly, we describe the different methods used to detect and quantify the production of 2n gametes in plants, which include morphological and flow cytometry screening of the occurrence of 2n pollen, the analysis of crosses among diploid and tetraploid parents and the instigation of micro‐and mega‐sporogenesis. Secondly, the high level of inter‐ and infra‐specific variation in 2n gametes production is described. Thirdly, the various cytological anomalies responsible for the production of 2n gametes are reviewed, with particular reference to the relative genetic consequences of the first and second restitution divisions that give rise to 2n gametes. Fourthly, the significance of 2n gametes in crop plant improvement is discussed, in relation to somatic chromosome doubling to obtain new polyploid varieties. In particular, we compare the genetic and yield consequences of methods based on unilateral and bilateral sexual polyploidization. Finally, we outline how knowledge of the variety of mechanisms involved in 2n gamete production have increased our understanding of the evolutionary significance of polyploidy and the population biology of polyploid plants.

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Genetics and cytology of unreduced gametes in cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Spontaneous triploids of rye collected in Turkey.

Spontaneous triploids of rye collected in Turkey.

Use of 2n Gametes in Plant Breeding

Gametes with the somatic chromosome number: mechanisms of their formation and role in the evolution of autopolyploid plants

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