Genetics and Breeding

Sugar beet root shape and its relation with yield and quality

“…Modern sugar beet cultivars are diploid or triploid hybrids and introgression of genes of other Beta species or wild relatives is considered necessary for broadening genetic base (Panella and Lewellen 2007). Traditional goals of sugar beet breeding were the improvement of root weight, internal root quality (increase of sucrose and decrease of molassigenic factors such as K, Na and D-amino N in roots) and resistance to pests and diseases (van Geyt et al 1990; Barañski et al 2001;Bosemark 2006;Panella and Lewellen 2007). Recently, root shape became a major goal of sugar beet breeding aiming mainly to reduce soil tare during harvesting by transforming sugar beet roots from conical to globe-or round-shaped (Mesken and Dieleman 1988).…”

Kształtowanie Się Plonu Buraka Cukrowego W Zależności Od Wybranych Czynników Środowiskowych

“…Zmienność w zakresie szybkości zwiększania powierzchni liści w okresie suszy występuje między odmianami [Ober i Luterbacher 2002], jak i w obrębie odmian. Dotychczas nie osiąg-nięto znaczącego postępu w przyspieszeniu rozwoju powierzchni liściowej na drodze hodowlanej [Bosemark 2006]. W warunkach niedoboru wody obserwuje się obniżenie RUE [Ober i in.…”

Traditional Breeding in Sugar Beet

“…Mass selection is most effective for characters determined by few genes and that can easily be seen or measured. In sugar beet, this often means phenotypic selection for morphological characters in the field followed by selection for chemical characters in the lab (Bosemark 2006). First, a number of plants with the desired trait are selected from a segregating population and intercrossed by open pollination.…”

“…Progeny selection, first introduced by the famous French breeder Louis de Vilmorin in the middle of the nineteenth century, is usually given credit for the rapid increase in sugar yield in the years up to 1920 (Bosemark 2006). Half-sib and full-sib progeny selection differ by whether the breeder has control over one or both of the parents of a progeny.…”

“…Half-sib and full-sib progeny selection differ by whether the breeder has control over one or both of the parents of a progeny. With half-sib progeny selection, starting material consists of roots selected in the field for size and morphological characters, and later reselected for sugar percentage and chemical characters, precisely as in mass selection (Bosemark 2006). The selected roots are planted out and intercrossed by open pollination under space isolation.…”