Genetics and Biochemistry of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Holton, Timothy A; Cornish, Edwina C.

doi:10.2307/3870058

Cited by 720 publications

(468 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…According to the reference [16], this ion could be identified as pelargonidin 3-rutinoside, an anthocyanin compound commonly detected in tulip petals. Anthocyanins are the flavonoid pigments that cause flowers to display various colors, and important to many diverse functions in plants [21]. It seemed that though the bud was developing, important compounds for flowering have already been synthesized and stored.…”

Section: Direct Analysis Of Different Parts Of a Tulip Bulb By Pesi-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct profiling of phytochemicals in tulip tissues and in vivo monitoring of the change of carbohydrate content in tulip bulbs by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Chen

Suzuki

et al. 2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a recently developed ESI-based ionization technique which generates electrospray from the tip of a solid needle. In this study, we have applied PESI interfaced with a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) for direct profiling of phytochemicals in a section of a tulip bulb in different regions, including basal plate, outer and inner rims of scale, flower bud and foliage leaves. Different parts of tulip petals and leaves have also been investigated. Carbohydrates, amino acids and other phytochemicals were detected. A series of in vivo PESI-MS experiments were carried out on the second outermost scales of four living tulip bulbs to monitoring the change of carbohydrate content during the first week of initial growth. The breakdown of carbohydrates was observed which was in accordance with previous reports achieved by other techniques. This study has indicated that PESI-MS can be used for rapid and direct analysis of phytochemicals in living biological systems with advantages of low sample consumption and little sample preparation. Therefore, PESI-MS can be a new choice for direct analysis/profiling of bioactive compounds or monitoring metabolic changes in living biological systems. (J Am Soc Mass

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Section: Direct Analysis Of Different Parts Of a Tulip Bulb By Pesi-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct profiling of phytochemicals in tulip tissues and in vivo monitoring of the change of carbohydrate content in tulip bulbs by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Chen

Suzuki

et al. 2009

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…The first such gene was isolated from maize in an analysis of the bronze locus that encodes UDP-glucose: flavonol glucosyltransferase (UFGT). Subsequently, related 4 genes for enzymes that mainly catalyzed the glucosylation of flavonols in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins were cloned from many plant species using the gene for UFGT from maize as probe (for review, [8]). Other genes for GTase-related enzymes that catalyze the glucosylation of a variety of low-molecular-mass compounds have been isolated from plants: the gene for an IAA glucosyltransferase from maize [3]; the gene for a solanidine glucosyltransferase from potato [9]; and some genes for GTase-homologous enzymes that are expressed during the ripening of fruit [10], in response to wounding or in response to treatment with salicylic acid [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and characterization of UDP-glucose: hydroxycoumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase, with broad substrate specificity from tobacco cultured cells

et al. 2000

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The enzyme UDP-glucose: hydroxycoumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase (CGTase), which catalyzes the formation of scopolin from scopoletin, was purified approximately 1,200-fold from a culture of 2,4-D-treated tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow T-13) with a yield of 7%.Purification to apparent homogeneity, as judged by SDS-PAGE, was achieved by sequential anion-exchange chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration, a second round of anion-exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on UDP-glucuronic acid agarose. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.5, an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.0, and a molecular mass of 49 kDa. The enzyme did not require metal cofactors for activity. Its activity was inhibited by Zn 2+ , Co 2+ and Cu 2+ ions, as well as by SH-blocking reagents. The Km values for UDP-glucose, scopoletin and esculetin were 43 µM, 150 µM and 25 µM, respectively. A study of the initial rate of the reaction suggested that the reaction proceeded via a sequential mechanism. The purified enzyme preferred hydroxycoumarins as substrates but also exhibited significant activity with flavonoids. A database search using the amino terminus amino acid sequence of CGTase revealed strong homology to the amino acid sequences of other glucosyltransferases in plants.

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“…chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, anthocyanidin synthase, flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase에 의하여 촉매된다 (Holton and Cornish 1995) Real time PCR (Ogundiwin et al 2008, Ying et al 2012…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of transcriptome analysis between red flash peach cultivar and white flash peach cultivar using next generation sequencing

Kim¹,

Nam²,

Cho³

et al. 2012

Journal of Plant Biotechnology

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Differences of gene expression between red flash peach cultivar and white flash peach cultivar were investigated by Nest-generation sequencing (NGS). EST from the red flash peach cultivar and white flash peach cultivar were selected for nucleotide sequence determination and homology searches. The levels of transcripts coding for proteins involved in pathogenesis related proteins, temperature stress, ethylene signal pathway were significantly higher in white flash peach cultivar than in red flash peach cultivar. On the other hand, the up-regulation of proteins involved in anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis and protein degradation and sorbitol metabolism were observed in red flash peach cultivar. Chalcone synthase was preferentially expressed in the red flesh peach cultivar, agreeing with the accumulation of anthocyanin and expression of other previously identified genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Anthocyanin pathway related genes CHS, F3H, DFR, LDOX, UFGT differentially expressed between red flash peach cultivar and white flash peach cultivar. These results suggest that red flash peach cultivar and white flash peach cultivar have different anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory mechanisms.

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Genetics and Biochemistry of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis

Cited by 720 publications

References 79 publications

Direct profiling of phytochemicals in tulip tissues and in vivo monitoring of the change of carbohydrate content in tulip bulbs by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Direct profiling of phytochemicals in tulip tissues and in vivo monitoring of the change of carbohydrate content in tulip bulbs by probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Purification and characterization of UDP-glucose: hydroxycoumarin 7-O-glucosyltransferase, with broad substrate specificity from tobacco cultured cells

Comparison of transcriptome analysis between red flash peach cultivar and white flash peach cultivar using next generation sequencing

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