A procedure using ion exchange chromatography has been developed to detect alterations in a polysaccharide produced by Neurospora crassa. The polysaccharide, isolated from medium that has supported the growth of a culture, is highly responsive to the 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone assay, indicating a high hexosamine content. The substance elaborated by wild-type N. crassa can be fractionated into two components that appear by rechromatography to be closely related. When isolated from mutants of the peak (pk) locus, the corresponding polysaccharide cannot be resolved into two components. Instead, a single component is consistently found. This variant chromatographic pattern cosegregates with morphological effects of the pk allele after crosses with the wild type. The polysaccharide isolated from a wild-type culture that has been induced by sorbose to phenocopy the hyphal characteristics of pk mutants elutes from the ion exchange column in a manner similar to the corresponding polysaccharide from the pk mutants.Neurospora crassa may undergo two distinct developmental phases. One phase involves the asexual production of conidia that germinate to produce a mycelial mat producing more conidia. The second, the sexual developmental phase, consists of protoperithecia production, fertilization of the protoperithecia, and then maturation of the perithecia, or fruiting bodies. Perithecia maturation includes differentiation of the perithecial wall and internal development of asci containing ascospores. By use of appropriate mutants, loci that regulate development of one phase only (1, 2) as well as loci regulating both phases (3) have been identified. A number of loci of the second type regulate morphology of both asci and vegetative hyphae. Mutations at these various loci offer the potential for dissecting ascus development and providing insight into the relationship of the zygote to the developing ascus. Full utilization of these mutants to study development requires some knowledge of their molecular function. No consistent molecular alteration that can be directly related to alterations in morphology has been previously detected for mutations at any of these loci. The careful examination of a molecular component of Neurospora now reveals a consistent molecular alteration for members of one set of allelic mutants.Reissig and Glasgow (4) reported the isolation of a growthregulating substance both from purified hyphal wall of Neurospora and from medium that had supported a culture. They found no difference between the materials from the two sources. The substance was found to be composed primarily of 2-amino-2-deoxygalactose, with several neutral sugars and amino acids as minor components. A portion of the 2-amino-2-deoxygalactose residues was found to be N-acetylated.Originally referred to as MP (for mucopolysaccharide), the designation was later changed to galactosaminoglycan (5).Mycelial morphology in Neurospora is determined in part by the frequency and location of branching and by growth rate. The galac...