Genetically predicted lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status and risk of coronary artery disease in individuals with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract

BackgroundThis study explores the causal links between genetically predicted lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in individuals with diabetes using a bidirectional Mendelian-randomization approach.MethodsThis study explored the potential causal relationships of lifestyle factors and socioeconomic status with the risk of CAD in diabetes patients by a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian-randomization (MR) analysis.ResultsGenetically predicted smoking initiation (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 1.08–1.55) and insomnia (p = 0.001, 95% CI: 1.06–1.29) were associated with a higher risk of CAD in individuals with diabetes, whereas educational attainment (p = 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.47–0.78) was associated with a lower risk of CAD. The lifetime smoking index (p = 0.016, 95% CI: 1.12–3.03) was suggestively associated with a higher risk of CAD, while household income before taxes (p = 0.048, 95% CI: 0.41–1.00) was suggestively associated with a lower risk of CAD. In addition, we observed a suggestive negative association between the genetically predicted risk of CAD and the lifetime smoking index (p = 0.016, 95% CI: 0.98–0.99) and a significant causal relationship between the risk of CAD and household income before taxes (p = 0.006, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99).ConclusionThe results of this study provide evidence that smoking initiation, lifetime smoking index and insomnia are associated with an increased risk of CAD in individuals with diabetes, educational attainment and household income before taxes are associated with a reduced risk of CAD in individuals with diabetes, and the possible role of lifetime smoking index and household income before taxes on the risk of CAD in individuals with diabetes. It provides an opportunity for the prevention and management of CAD in individuals with diabetes.