Genetically Modified Microorganisms

Stemke, Douglas J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-801-4_4

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Although novel disease-suppressive strains might overcome inadequate colonization of the host rhizosphere and inefficient inhibition of soil-borne pathogen growth, the discovery of taxonomically novel isolates possessing biological disease control activity becomes more difficult over time even after extensive searches. Another promising approach, exploiting genetically modified microbial strains with improved antagonistic function has been restricted or prohibited worldwide ( Migheli, 2001 ; Stemke, 2004 ). When applying BCAs in natural settings, BCAs do not act independent of their environment but interact with many indigenous microbes to become components of local microbial communities.…”

Section: Utilization Of Msbcas In Management Of Soil-borne Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Interactions Within Multiple-Strain Biological Control Agents Impact Soil-Borne Plant Disease

et al. 2020

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Major losses of crop yield and quality caused by soil-borne plant diseases have long threatened the ecology and economy of agriculture and forestry. Biological control using beneficial microorganisms has become more popular for management of soil-borne pathogens as an environmentally friendly method for protecting plants. Two major barriers limiting the disease-suppressive functions of biocontrol microbes are inadequate colonization of hosts and inefficient inhibition of soil-borne pathogen growth, due to biotic and abiotic factors acting in complex rhizosphere environments. Use of a consortium of microbial strains with disease inhibitory activity may improve the biocontrol efficacy of the disease-inhibiting microbes. The mechanisms of biological control are not fully understood. In this review, we focus on bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents to summarize the current state of the use of single strain and multi-strain biological control consortia in the management of soil-borne diseases. We discuss potential mechanisms used by microbial components to improve the disease suppressing efficacy. We emphasize the interaction-related factors to be considered when constructing multiple-strain biological control consortia and propose a workflow for assembling them by applying a reductionist synthetic community approach.

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Section: Utilization Of Msbcas In Management Of Soil-borne Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Interactions Within Multiple-Strain Biological Control Agents Impact Soil-Borne Plant Disease

et al. 2020

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“…There are several available protocols and methods applied for the transfer of DNA into cells, their applicability may however be general or source specific. The strategies and approaches used are often collectively termed recombinant DNA technology (Han, 2004). The term "recombinant DNA technology" comprises of an arsenal of laboratory methods used in production of a GMO and summarily includes the basic steps of; identification and isolation of the genetic trait of interest and its nucleotide sequence (gene); production of gene copies via amplification mechanisms; gene association with suitable promoter and poly A sequence and its insertion into a vector (such as plasmids); multiplication of the plasmid-bacteria construct and its subsequent recovery of construct for injection; transfer of the construct into the recipient tissue; integration and expression of gene in recipient genome; and inheritance of the gene through other generations (Beardmore and Porter, 2003).…”

Section: Gmo Engineering Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The term "recombinant DNA technology" comprises of an arsenal of laboratory methods used in production of a GMO and summarily includes the basic steps of; identification and isolation of the genetic trait of interest and its nucleotide sequence (gene); production of gene copies via amplification mechanisms; gene association with suitable promoter and poly A sequence and its insertion into a vector (such as plasmids); multiplication of the plasmid-bacteria construct and its subsequent recovery of construct for injection; transfer of the construct into the recipient tissue; integration and expression of gene in recipient genome; and inheritance of the gene through other generations (Beardmore and Porter, 2003). Two principal enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology are the; restriction endonucleases (biological scissors) used to cleave DN molecules at specific points into fragments of defined sizes; and the ligases (biological glue) to join the insert and vector together (Davies and Ollier, 2001;Han, 2004;Traavik et al, 2007). The vector contains a DNA sequence, origin of replication (ori) that enables it to be replicated in the bacteria, Escherichia coli, they include biolistics, CaCl 2 -heat shock treatment or electroporation, transformation and conjugation, other processes include; gene silencing and gene splicing, lipofection, microinjection, calcium phosphate precipitation, vectors and protoplast transformation among others (Han, 2004;Olaniyan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Gmo Engineering Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two principal enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology are the; restriction endonucleases (biological scissors) used to cleave DN molecules at specific points into fragments of defined sizes; and the ligases (biological glue) to join the insert and vector together (Davies and Ollier, 2001;Han, 2004;Traavik et al, 2007). The vector contains a DNA sequence, origin of replication (ori) that enables it to be replicated in the bacteria, Escherichia coli, they include biolistics, CaCl 2 -heat shock treatment or electroporation, transformation and conjugation, other processes include; gene silencing and gene splicing, lipofection, microinjection, calcium phosphate precipitation, vectors and protoplast transformation among others (Han, 2004;Olaniyan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Gmo Engineering Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioprocess engineering and genetically modified foods: tackling food insecurity in Africa

Makinde¹,

Ikhimiukor²,

Fapohunda³

2017

Braz. J. Biol. Sci.

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Bioprocess engineering today has made tremendous discoveries principally aimed at improving the overall quality of living of any society. Significant of these discoveries is the cultivation of genetically modified foods (GM foods). This paper discusses the problem of food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the practicability of GM foods in ameliorating this problem. In SSA, food security is currently being threatened by several factors ranging from natural systems that cause environmental deterioration such as floods and droughts to anthropogenic exacerbations ranging from poor land and agricultural management policies; increase in social and economic inequality; terrorism, civic unrest, strife and wars and rapid population growth and demographic changes, amongst others. Drawbacks to the poor food security in SSA is majorly associated with malnutrition and corresponding loss in human capita productivity in the region. Statistics currently portray that one in four persons in Africa is undernourished. Hence, the timely need for disruption in current trends is imperative. The growth of GM foods has seen an exponential increase worldwide, with over 179.7 million hectares being planted, this trend is however very poor in SSA. The pros, cons and hindrances influencing the use of GM foods in SSA have been discussed. It is the opinion of the authors that the use of Biotech improved foods in curbing the food crisis in SSA should be explored and committed to by the African Union, alongside amendment of policies that promulgate weaknesses of agricultural institutional in African Nations.

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“…Although, these innovations raise worries about the potential risks presented by the genetically altered microorganism because many of these are hazardous due to their infectious nature to humans and the environment. So, explicit conventions have been created to securely screen the utilisation of hereditarily altered dangerous organisms because these can potentially cause mass destruction of life globally, like the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REGULATIONS ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROORGANISMS & THEIR RELATION TO BIOTERRORISM IN INDIA

Singh

Budhwar²,

Choudhary³

et al. 2022

Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Assiut

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Covid-19, a virus-driven pandemic, has shown the world the possible dangers posed by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi, and their toxins. However, genetically engineered microorganisms are helpful in various biosciences fields, including medication, horticulture, and fundamental investigation into life processes. Among these, some genetically altered microorganisms have drastic potential to cause harm to humans, and the environment, like the current coronavirus pandemic has shaken the world with fatalities caused by it worldwide and crashed the global economy. On the one hand, genetically engineered organisms help understand the ultrastructure of these organisms and as a tool to combat the disease caused by them. On the other, the increasing research on this also poses a threat to the occurrence of pandemics throughout the world. In India, genetically altered microorganisms are regulated by the Rules, 1989 under sections 6,8 and 25 of the Environment Act, 1986. Bioterrorism is the systematic and deliberate deployment of hazardous organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins to spread infectious diseases on a massive scale to wipe out a vast population. The global incidents of the recent twenty years presented that the danger of biological fighting isn't a fictional thing yet a harsh truth. Hazardous microbes can be utilised in bioterrorism by seeing flare-ups brought about by microorganisms. So, there is a need to improve the countermeasures to tackle the spread of infectious diseases. This review covers the various regulations for genetically altered microorganisms in India regarding their sale, import-export storage, and creation, emphasising regulating bodies; their constitution, and application forms for the registrations and approval for research on such microorganisms, and this assessment presents a clear overview of the country's probable biothreats, current laws, and regulations to combat such incidents, with a significant necessity for their execution, and biodefense measures for readiness and defence, in favour of making India a bioterror-free country.

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Genetically Modified Microorganisms

Cited by 12 publications

References 166 publications

Microbial Interactions Within Multiple-Strain Biological Control Agents Impact Soil-Borne Plant Disease

Microbial Interactions Within Multiple-Strain Biological Control Agents Impact Soil-Borne Plant Disease

Bioprocess engineering and genetically modified foods: tackling food insecurity in Africa

REGULATIONS ON GENETICALLY MODIFIED MICROORGANISMS & THEIR RELATION TO BIOTERRORISM IN INDIA

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